CHEM 1032 Lecture Notes - Lecture 24: Thermodynamics, Sodium Chloride, Ideal Gas
29 Mar 2017
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Thermodynamics: studying energy and its interconversions, in chemistry how energy transforms during a physical or chemical change, 1 st law: the total energy of the universe is constant cannot create or destroy only transform. Do reactions occur spontaneously or nonspontaneously: spontaneous: occurs without external ongoing intervention, simple mechanical systems: the system tends towards lowest potential energy. If i add a catalyst, i can change the speed, but not slip nonspontaneous to spontaneous. How do we determine spontaneous or nonspontaneous: think in terms of enthalpy, exothermic (cid:0) h , endothermic (cid:0) h , simple mechanical (spontaneous): high potential energy to low potential energy. This rule does not apply the same to chemical processes. Above 0 degrees: ice (cid:0) liquid, endothermic, spontaneous despite being endothermic. Nacl dissolves in h2o: endothermic, spontaneous despite being endothermic. Liquid h2o (cid:0) gaseous h2o: endothermic, spontaneous despite being endothermic. S = entropy k = boltzmann constant 1. 38x10-23. W = number of ways to arrange the system.
