CHEM 1032 Lecture Notes - Lecture 25: Spontaneous Process
Document Summary
Entropy: measure of energy randomization or energy dispersal in a system. A process that increases the energy of the universe if spontaneous (continuous without external interaction) Entropy helps us understand how endothermic processes can be spontaneous. How can a reaction be spontaneous if it appears that the energy is decreasing: h2o below 0 degrees: It seems that the entropy is decreasing (random (cid:0) ordered) The criteria for spontaneous is based on an increase in universe entropy (2nd law) Even though entropy of water decreases, there must be some increase in the universe entropy for this to be spontaneous. How is (cid:0) s surroundings positive for h2o(l) (cid:0) Releasing energy to surroundings (energy is being dispersed around = why it is a positive spontaneous reaction) So freezing of h2o is a spontaneous process below 0 degrees. Above 0 degrees water freezing is no longer spontaneous. The higher the temperature of the system and surroundings, the lower the amount of energy dispersed.