BIOL 120 Lecture Notes - Lecture 4: Monera, Gigantor, Carl Linnaeus
Document Summary
Systematics: study of entire systems; using a logical sequence of events; biodiversity. Systematic biology: a quantitative science using traits of living organisms to infer relationships over a period of time. Taxonomy: science of identification and classification of organisms with regard to their natural relatio(cid:374)ships; assig(cid:374)s orga(cid:374)is(cid:373) to a (cid:862)ta(cid:454)o(cid:374)(cid:863) (cid:894)group or categor(cid:455)(cid:895) Taxonomist: one who studies and classifies all life. Old system by aristotle: organized by common trait (mosquito and bat both have wings) New system: natural groups- co(cid:374)struct a (cid:862)ph(cid:455)loge(cid:374)(cid:455)(cid:863); classified through shared a(cid:374)cestr(cid:455); traced through a common trait; looks to dna to prove same traits do not share same ancestry. Phylogenetic tree (cladogram): shows evolutionary relationships by homology; having the same or similar relation, relative position, or structure. Clad: organism that share a common trait. Outgroup: closely related but not included in taxa. Homology: is a shared derived character or trait (such as hair) among organisms; each homology is inherited from a common ancestor.
