BIOL 190 Lecture Notes - Lecture 17: Programmed Cell Death, Signal Transduction, Apoptosis
Document Summary
Cell cycle control involves both internal and external signals. Growth factors and other signals from the outside. These signals function in each stage of cycle ( g1, s, g2, and m) and together act as. A signal transduction pathway- series of molecular changes. Convert a signal on the target cell"s surface to a specific response within the cell. Signal transduction pathways are crucial to many cellular functions. Growth factors are usually protein hormones that stimulate cell division. Response to a lack of growth factors. Mature nerve- or heart muscle cells will most likely remain in g0. Lymphocytes (white blood cells) can be stimulated to reenter the cell cycle. Skin cells are not likely to enter g0 at all. Irreversible loss of the ability to divide. Pass m checkpoint if: all chromosomes attached to spindle and properly aligned. Kinetochore- proteins found on either side of the centromere that attach to the spindle fibers.
