BIOL 221 Lecture Notes - Lecture 6: Antigen Processing, Epitope, Dendritic Cell

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Antigen-Presenting Cells (APCs)

•Cells of innate resistance including:

–Dendritic cells (e.g., Langerhans cells)

–Macrophages

–Microglia

•Engulf and present antigen fragments bound to class II MHC proteins

–stimulate division of T

● Antigen-presenting cells are cells of innate resistance including

dendritic cells (e.g., Langerhans cells of the epidermis), macrophages

and microglia.

● APCs engulf and break down antigens to present antigen fragments

that are bound to class II MCH proteins to immune system cells.

● Presentation stimulates division of the T cell.

● Antigen processing involves intake and breakdown of the foreign

antigen (McGraw-Hill Higher Education,2018d).

Antigens (Ags)

•Foreign and self-antigens

•Antigenic determinants (epitopes)

–recognized parts of antigen

–usually protein- or carbohydrate-based

•Characteristics

–Immunogenic

–Reactive

● Antigens include foreign and self-antigens.

● Most are large and have several parts called antigenic determinants,

or epitopes, that can be recognized by immune cells.

● They are usually protein- or carbohydrate-based molecules.

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Document Summary

Antigen-presenting cells (apcs: cells of innate resistance including: Microglia: engulf and present antigen fragments bound to class ii mhc proteins. Antigen-presenting cells are cells of innate resistance including dendritic cells (e. g. , langerhans cells of the epidermis), macrophages and microglia. Apcs engulf and break down antigens to present antigen fragments that are bound to class ii mch proteins to immune system cells. Presentation stimulates division of the t cell. Antigen processing involves intake and breakdown of the foreign antigen (mcgraw-hill higher education,2018d). Most are large and have several parts called antigenic determinants, or epitopes, that can be recognized by immune cells. They are usually protein- or carbohydrate-based molecules. Antigens are both immunogenic able to cause formation of clones of. T and b cells and reactive able to interact with t cells and antibodies. Proteins, nucleic acids, large polysaccharides: haptens (incomplete antigens)

Related Questions

1. during inflamation fluid will passively diffuse out of blod vessels into the nearby infected tissue. This implies all of the following EXCEPT

a.the osmolarity of the fluid surrounding infected tissues is higher than the plasma b the surrounding tissue will swell with excessive fluids c near by cappilaries have become more pearmeable d B-lymphocyte will differeniate to become plasma cell

2. which of the following best describe the qualities of most antigens?

a macromolecules that are foreign to the host b atomic elements that are not normally present in the human body c macromolecules tah tare produced by the host organism d atomic elements that are harmful or toxic

3. an adbantages to adaptive immunity is

a its memory cell that provide quicker larger and more efficient immune response upon second exposure to an antigen b its need for several cells to be activated over several days on first exposure c the ability for its individul cells to respond to many differnt pathogens d the use of antibodies that cause cells lysis and kill invading cells

4, an advantages of innate immunity is

a its a barrier taht prevent pathogens from entering into the body b the specifcity of its individual cell which specialize in the removal on one type of antigen c the numerous step in the activation of its cell that can prevent autoimmune disease d the use of the antibodies to cause cell lysis and kill invading cell

5. B- lymphocytes are categorized as part of the adaptive branch of the immune sys for all of the following reason but one Which of the following is NOT one part of reason B lyphocytes are considered part of the adaptive immunity?

a they produce memory cell when activated b their receptors will bind to only one antigen c they require costimulation from an activated T helper cell d thet are a first line of defense that can begin killing

6. Over lap in the innate and adaptive immune sys is seen in all of the following examples but one Which of the following examples does NOT illustrate the over lap of innate and adaptive immune resposes ??? a dendritic cell presenting antigen on their MHC II proteins to T helper cells b macrophage becoming activated macrophages in response to cytokines realesed by T helper cells c natural killer cell causing of an abnoraml host cell lacking MHC proteins d Plasma cell that produce large amounts of IgE that will ultimetly allow mast cell to relase histamine

7. Which of the following examples below describe an autoimmune disease? a infection and death of T helper cells bya virus resulting in a loss of adaptive immunity b realse of bacterial endotoxins that block acetylcholine realse result is muscle paralysis c antibody binding to acetylcholine receptors of hte motor end palte resulting in muscle weakness.d uncontrolled cell division resulting in cell surface abnormalities recognized by natural killer cell.

8. Which of he following does NOT describe actions of interferon IFN? a virally infected cell can release interferon which attracts natural killer cell to attack and kill the IFN secreting cell b IFN binds to normal uninfected cell stimulating the activation of genes that produce anti viral proteins c IFN will attract macrophages to the secreting cell to be removed bt phagocytosis d IFN can penetrate the virla capsid and destroy the virus

HI HELP PLEASE I NEED ANSWERS TO ALL QUESTIONS PLEASE THANKS

1. during inflamation fluid will passively diffuse out of blod vessels into the nearby infected tissue. This implies all of the following EXCEPT

2. which of the following best describe the qualities of most antigens?

3. an adbantages to adaptive immunity is

4, an advantages of innate immunity is

6. Over lap in the innate and adaptive immune sys is seen in all of the following examples but one Which of the following examples does NOT illustrate the over lap of innate and adaptive immune resposes ??? adendritic cell presenting antigen on their MHC II proteins to T helper cells b macrophage becoming activated macrophages in response to cytokines realesed by T helper cells c natural killer cell causing of an abnoraml host cell lacking MHC proteins d Plasma cell that produce large amounts of IgE that will ultimetly allow mast cell to relase histamine

BIOL 221 Lecture Notes - Lecture 6: Antigen Processing, Epitope, Dendritic Cell

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