BIOL 309 Lecture Notes - Lecture 10: Exon Shuffling, Transposable Element, Sigma Factor

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coralchimpanzee997

19 Nov 2018

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Explain how transposable elements can play a role in the evolution of proteins. The function of transposable elements varies, transposable elements can insert into introns creating new proteins. They can insert in front of a gene and either upregulate or downregulate transcription. Yes, larger introns would make such process easier because about >25% of our genome is introns. You should be able to explain the role of transcription factors in prokaryotes and eukaryotes. ~2067 in human genome (12% of the human genome). Role of transcription factors: there is a sigma factor for heat shock response in e. coli. Describe how the role the sigma factor would play in the heat shock response. Orthologs are genes that are related by vertical descent from a common ancestor and encode proteins with the same function in different species. The total number of mrna per cell is in the range 20,000-60,000. No, the amount of mrna cannot accurately predict the amount of protein.

Related Questions

Biochem:

1. Indicate whether the following describes DNA polymerase, RNApolymerase, both, or none:

a. Binds to single stranded DNA

b. Uses an RNA primer

c. Has proof-reading ability

d. Reads from 3' to 5'

e. Phosphodiester bonds are formed using rNTPs

f. Requires a DNA primer

g. Multiple types are present in eukaryotes

h. Mutiple types are present in prokaryotes

i. Is synthesized bi-directionally

j. Requires there to be a terminal sequence on DNA

k. Is part of a larger complex made up of several proteins

2. Post-translational damage causes the loss of the 2' hydoxylgroup on several adenosine nucleotides within the intron sequenceof a primary RNA transcript. What could possible happen to theresulting mature RNA sequence and consequent protein?

3. Where on the below strand of RNA would you most likely findthe following:

a. Start of transcription

b. Start of translation

c. TATA box

d. Enhancers

e. Initiator

f. Activators

g. Repressors

4. How would the following mutation in the template strand ofDNA affect the translated protein? (x=any base, / = exon/intronjunction)

5-XXXXC/CTGAAGAGGAAGXXXXGTTAGXXXXACTCAC/CTCGC-3 to5-CCTGAAGAGGAAXXXXXXXXGTTAGXXXXACTCACCTCGC-3

5. When will there be a 5'-5' linkage in RNA? When is this bondformed? Which base is commonly involved in this process? What wouldhappen if there was an inability in this enzyme to make the 5'-5'likage?

6. Consider the following strand of mRNA. What protein would beproduced if this strand was translated?

5'- CGUAUGCCCUUUACUAGUAUGUGAUACUAGUAAACC-3'

7. What would be the new protein if the following mutations weremade to the strand in 6? Label/classify each type of mutation.

a. 5'-CGUAUGCCCUUUAACUAGUAUGUGAUACUAGUUAACC-3'

b. 5'-CGUAUGCCCUUCACUAGUAUGUGAUACUAGUUAACC-3'

c. 5'- CGUAUGCCCUUUACUAGUAUUGAUACUAGUUAACC-3'

d. 5'- CGUAUGCCCUUGACUAGUAUGUGAUACUAGUAAACC-3'

e. 5'-CGUAUGCCCUUCACUAGUAUGAGUAACUAGUAACC-3'

f. 5'-CGUAUGCCCUAAACUAGUAUGUGAUACUAGUAAACC-3'

8. What are examples of two different types of point mutationsin sequences coding for hemoglobin production?

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BIOL 309 Lecture Notes - Lecture 10: Exon Shuffling, Transposable Element, Sigma Factor

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