BIO 211 Lecture Notes - Lecture 29: Muscarinic Acetylcholine Receptor, Sympathetic Nervous System, Adrenal Medulla

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tealmammoth179

15 Sep 2020

School

Tunxis Community College

Department

Biology

Course

BIO 211

Professor

Dzinski

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Document Summary

Sympathetic chain associated with sns: preganglionic axons enter sympathetic chain of ganglia just lateral to spinal cord, usually synapse with postganglionic motor neurons in the chain. Parasympathetic nervous system characteristics: craniosacral division: long pre-ganglionic neurons, short post-ganglionic neurons, pre-ganglionic neurons release ach, bind to nictotinic receptors on post- ganglionic neurons, post- ganglionic releases ach, binds muscarinic receptors on effectors, rest and digest. Adrenal medulla- modified part of sympathetic nervous system. Stimulation of preganglionic fiber prompts secretion of hormones into blood. Classified as either cholinergic or adrenergic neurons based upon the neurotransmitter released. Several different receptor types for postganglionic chemical messengers. Cholinergic receptors- release acetylcholine from pre-ganglionic neurons & from parasympathetic post-ganglionic neurons. Nicotinic receptors- found on postganglionic cell bodies of all autonomic ganglia. Muscarinic receptors- found on effector cell membranes. Andergeneric receptors- release norepinephrine (ne) norepinephrine and epinephrine. Sympathetic: stress or emergencies, tonic activity. Most visceral organs innervated by both sympathetic and parasympathetic fibers.

Related Questions

1. The autonomicnervous system consists of a _________ neuron chain that branchesinto the periphery. <?xml:namespace prefix = o ns ="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:office" />

2. There are twodivisions of the ANS, the parasympathetic and the sympathetic. Theparasympathetic division __________ body energy requirements and ismost active during________________. The sympathetic divisiongenerally enables the body to use stored energy and is activeduring ______________.

3. Compared to thesomatic nervous system, the first neuron in the ANS is ___________myelinated. The second order neuron is generally un____________.

4. The second orderneuron in the chain that innervates the adrenal glands is reallythe release of NE and Epi into the ____________________.

5. The __________nerve is the parasympathetic branch that innervates the heart aswell as a majority of other visceral organs.

6. The first orderneuron in the ANS chain almost always releases ________________into the synapse. The NTs released from the second order neurons ofthe sympathetic division are usually ________________ and___________________, while the second order neuron of the PNSusually releases _____________________.

7. Theparasympathetic division is sometimes called the _______________division because of the location from which the nerves arise.

8. The sympatheticdivision is sometimes called the _______________ division becauseof the location from which the nerves arise.

9. Which nervecarries about 90% of all parasympathetic traffic?

10. Most tissues/organs arecontinuously innervated by the ANS, that is, they have ____________tone.

11. The ANS regulatesunconscious processes that maintain _____________________, a termcoined by Walter Canon.

12. List and understand thethree different routes for preganglionic neurons in the sympatheticbranch.

13. Compare and contrast theneuronal divergence (pre- to postganglionic neurons) of the PNS andthe SNS. What does this mean? How does the adrenal gland and itmedullary secretions affect these contrasting effects?

14. The ganglions in the PNSare __________ to the effector organs than the ganglions in theSNS. Considering myelination, how does this affect speed oftransmission between the two systems?

15. List the receptor typesfor Ach and NE. Which are usually excitatory, inhibitory orboth?

16. The smooth muscle aroundthe blood vessels is innervated by the sympathetic branch of theANS. What occurs to dilate those vessels?

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BIO 211 Lecture Notes - Lecture 29: Muscarinic Acetylcholine Receptor, Sympathetic Nervous System, Adrenal Medulla

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