BSC 116 Lecture Notes - Lecture 31: Epithalamus, Sympathetic Nervous System, Thalamus

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graycaribou619

4 Jun 2016

School

University of Alabama

Department

Biological Sciences

Course

BSC 116

Professor

Harris

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Document Summary

Animals take in information, process it and respond. Neurons: cells that conduct and store information in the nervous system. Sensor sensory input integration motor output effector. Peripheral nervous system (pns)- sensory input an motor output. Neuron: role is to receive and transmit electrical signals. Axon: extends from the neuron to the cell it acts on. Axon hillock: where the axon joins the cell body. Neuron becomes electrically excited and conducts excitement down the axon. Excited synaptic terminal in the presynaptic cell releases a neurotransmitter. Postsynaptic cell may become excited by the neurotransmitter. Either the inside is positively charged or negatively charged and the charged is determined by movement of ions across membrane. Difference in charge between the inside and outside of the cell. Resting potential: membrane potential of a neuron that is not excited. Atp powers a sodium potassium pump that brings potassium in and sodium out of the cell.

Related Questions

Nerve cells that conduct messages are called (1) ____. (2) _____ cells, which support and nurture the activities of neurons, make up less than half the volume of the nervous system. (3) _______ neurons respond to specific kinds of environmental stimuli, (4) ______ connect different neurons in the spinal cord and brain, and (5) ______ neurons are linked with muscles or glands. All neurons have a (6) _______ ________ that contains the nucleus and the metabolic means to carry out protein synthesis. (7) _______ are short, slender extensions of the (6), and together these two neuronal parts are the neuronsâ âinput zoneâ for receiving (8) _____. The (9) _____ is a single long, cylindrical extension away form the (10) ______; in motor neurons, the (11) ______ has finely branched (12) ________ that terminate on muscle or gland cells and are âoutput zones,â where messages are sent on to other cells. A neuron at rest establishes unequal electric charges across its plasma membrane, and a(n) (13) ____ ____ is maintained. Another name for (13) is the (14) _____ _____ _____; it represents an ability for the membrane to be disturbed. Weak disturbances of the neuronal membrane might set off only slight changes across a small patch, but strong disturbances can cause a(n) (15) _______ ______, which is an abrupt, short-lived reversal in the polarity of charge across the plasma membrane of the neuron. For a fraction of a second, the cytoplasmic side of a bit of membrane becomes positive with respect to the outside. The (16) ______ that travels along the neural membrane is nothing more than short-lived changes in the membrane potential. A. Neurons H. Sensory B. Motor I. Endings C. Interneurons J. Disturbance D. Cell body K. Signals (stimuli) E. Axon L. Voltage differential F. Dendrites M. Resting membrane potential G. Neuroglial N. Action potential

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BSC 116 Lecture Notes - Lecture 31: Epithalamus, Sympathetic Nervous System, Thalamus

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