BSC 116 Lecture Notes - Lecture 5: Symbiogenesis, Facultative Anaerobic Organism, Heterokont

• School: University of Alabama
• Department: Biological Sciences
• Course: BSC 116
• Professor: Jennifer Howeth

Document Summary

Also have contractile vacuoles to expel water - only in single cell forms. Mixotrophs - photosynthesis in light, heterotrophs in dark. Mitochondria acquired via endosymbiosis - tamed heterotrophic prokaryote. Chloroplasts acquire via endosymbiosis - tamed photosynthetic prokaryote. Surrounded by double membranes: 1 from prokaryote, 1 from engulfing vacuole. There have been at least 3 instance of secondary endosymbiosis. Chloroplast (2 membranes) surrounded by two more membranes: 1 from engulfed eukaryotic, 1 from vacuole. Nucleomorph: remnant of eukaryotic genome within 3rd membrane. Alveolates + stramenopiles + phiziaria = sar. Euglenids: mostly free living mixotrophs like euglena. Kinetoplastids: free living predators and parasites like trypanosoma (causes sleeping sickness) Diatoms: photosynthetic algae with silica wall around cell. Many species form protective cysts that can survive for decades. Brown algae: all multicellular seaweeds and kelp. Grouped together based on presence of alveoli. Ciliates: cell covered in many short cilia rather than few long flagella; two times of nuclei, generally free living.