BSC 310 Lecture 21: 3.14-3.15 Amino Acids, Nucleotides, Fatty Acids, and Lipids and 4.1 DNA

Ammonia (NH3) is a weak base that under acidic conditions becomes protonated to the ammonium i on (NH4+) in the following reaction:NH3+ H+ → NH4+. Ammonia freely permeates biological membranes, including those of lysosomes. The lysosome is a subcellular organelle with a pH ≈5.0; the pH of cytoplasm is ≈7.0. What is the effect on the pH of the fluid content of lysosomes when cells are exposed to ammonia? Note: Ammonium ion does not diffuse freely across membranes.

Changes in which gas (oxygen or carbondioxide) had the greatest impact on breathing? Where is theprimary sensor for that gas located and how isthat gas detected (how are changes in pCO₂ detected)?How was CO₂ generated in the cells of the body(metabolic pathway, not from HCO₃) and how was all thatCO₂ transported in the blood to the lungs (3 placesstored in blood for transport including the chemical reactionsinvolved)? How was the O₂ transported to thetissues?