BSC 314 Lecture Notes - Lecture 4: Cutin, Lignin, Cytoplasmic Streaming
26 Jun 2018
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Generalized Plant Cell
Four features set apart plant cells from those of other organisms:
A cellulose cell wall; many protists, some fungi, and most bacteria also have
rigid walls, but made of different materials, e.g. Chitin strengthens fungal cell
walls and peptidoglycan those of bacteria.
Plasmodesmata, strands of cytoplasm that protrude through pores in the cell
walls and connect the protoplasts of adjacent cells; these are avenues of material
transport in plants.
Figure 1
Plastids, organelles thought to have an endosymbiotic origin; they have an
intricate internal structure of folded membranes that greatly increases the internal
surface area on which chemical reactions
occur; chloroplastscontain chlorophyll, and their thylakoid membranes are
the sites of photosynthesis.
Vacuoles are fluid filled sacs present in plants, animals, and some protists; those
of plants differ from others in size and function, i.e. a typical plant cell has a
single, centrally located vacuole whose water filled interior pushes the cytoplasm ‐
outward against the cell wall giving rigidity or turgidity to the cell.
Not all functional cells in plants are alive. Many cells live for only a short time then die,
but their cell walls remain in place giving strength and rigidity to the plant body. The
dead cells of xylem tissue form effective conduits for water between the roots and the
above ground tissues.
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Document Summary
Four features set apart plant cells from those of other organisms: A cellulose cell wall; many protists, some fungi, and most bacteria also have rigid walls, but made of different materials, e. g. chitin strengthens fungal cell walls and peptidoglycan those of bacteria. Plasmodesmata, strands of cytoplasm that protrude through pores in the cell walls and connect the protoplasts of adjacent cells; these are avenues of material transport in plants. Not all functional cells in plants are alive. Many cells live for only a short time then die, but their cell walls remain in place giving strength and rigidity to the plant body. The dead cells of xylem tissue form effective conduits for water between the roots and the above ground tissues. Plant cells vary greatly in shape and function, but in general each has a cell wall surrounding a protoplast, which is differentiated into a nucleusand cytoplasm.
