CH 104 Lecture Notes - Lecture 3: Sulfur, Transition Metal, Nitride

47 views3 pages

olivecaribou221

20 Oct 2016

School

University of Alabama

Department

Chemistry

Course

CH 104

Professor

Stephen Woski

For unlimited access to Class Notes, a Class+ subscription is required.

Document Summary

Formation of cations: nucleus of an atom has protons and neutrons, if remove an electron from an atom it becomes a cation, na- Has 11 protons, 12 neutrons, 11 electrons. 1 electron in the outer shell: 1 valence electron, na+ Has 11 protons, 12 neutrons, 10 electrons. 8 electrons in the outer shell: 8 valence electrons, elements in group 1a will want to lose an electron to become a positive cation. 2a will want to lose two electrons to make a cation. Normally in general metals want to lose electrons. Let"s say ele(cid:373)e(cid:374)t 53 iodi(cid:374)e (cid:449)ould ha(cid:448)e to lose 7 electro(cid:374)s to become krypton and become a positive cation. Extremely difficult: to become a cations must lose the electrons to have 8 valence electrons. Formation of anions: when an atom gains an electron. So it goes from positive to negative: chlorine gains an electron and becomes a negative anion.

Related Questions

Question 56

What drives an atom to form a covalent bond: its nuclear charge or the need to have a filled outer shell?

A.its nuclear charge

B.its need to have a filled outer shell

C.both

D.neither

Question 57

Which of the following would be a negative ion with a single charge?

A.an atom with 11 protons and 12 electrons

B.an atom with 11 protons and 11 electrons

C.an atom with 12 protons and 11 electrons

D.an atom with 10 protons and 12 electrons

E.None of these

Question 58

Classify the following bonds as ionic, covalent, or neither (O, atomic number 8; F, atomic number 9; Na, atomic number 11; Cl, atomic number 17; U, atomic number 92)?. O with F.... Ca with Ci...Na with Na

A.covalent, ionic, covalent

B.ionic, covalent, neither

C.neither, ionic, covalent

D.covalent, ionic, neither

Question 59

How many valence electrons does bromine (Br, atomic no. = 35) have?

A. 1

B. 7

C.21

D.28

E. 35

Question 60

Consider the electron-dot geometries of PF5 and SF4. Which do you expect is the more polar compound?

A.The PF5 should be more polar because it has a greater number of fluorines.

B.The PF5 should be more polar because it is more symmetrical.

C.The SF4 should be more polar because it has a lone pair of electrons.

D.The SF4 should be more polar because it is less symmetrical.

Slater’s rules are a way to estimate the effective nuclear charge experienced by an electron. In this approach, the “shielding constant,” S, is calculated. The effective nuclear charge is then the difference between S and the atomic number, Z.

The shielding constant, S, is calculated using the following rules:

(1) The electrons of an atom are grouped as follows: (1s) (2s, 2p) (3s, 3p) (3d) (4s, 4p) (4d), and so on.

(2) Electrons in higher groups (to the right) do not shield those in the lower groups.

(3) For ns and np valence electrons

a) Electrons in the same ns, np group contribute 0.35 (for 1s 0.30 works better).

b) Electrons in n − 1 groups contribute 0.85.

c) Electrons in n − 2 groups (and lower) contribute 1.00.

(4) For nd and nf electrons, electrons in the same nd or nf group contribute 0.35, and those in groups to the left contribute 1.00.

As an example, let us calculate Z* for the outermost electron of oxygen:

Here is the calculation for a d electron in Ni:

and for an s electron Ni:

(Here 3s, 3p, and 3d electrons are in the (n − 1) groups.)

a) Calculate Z* for F and Ne. Relate the Z* values for O, F, and Ne to their relative atomic radii and ionization energies.

b) Calculate Z* for one of the 3d electrons of Mn, and compare this with Z* for one of the 4s electrons of the element. Do the Z* values give us some insight into the ionization of Mn to give the cation?

lilackoala446

1.An inorganic base dissociates in water into ?a)one or more hydrogen ions and one or more anions b)one or more hydroxide ions and one or more reactions c)one or more hydrogen ions and one or more captions d)one or more hydroxide ions and one or more anions 2.An atom becomes a cation by? a)accepting electrons into its outermost electron shell b)giving up electrons from its outermost electron shell c)donating protons to another atom d)accepting proton from another atom 3.An atom of oxygen has 8 protons ,8electroenes and 8 neutrons.How would you expect the electrons to be arranged in this atom? a)all electrons are located in the nucleus of the atom b)all 8 electrons are located in the outermost electron shell c)all 8 electrons are located in the electron shell nearest the nucleus d)2 electrons are in the electron shell nearest the nucleus and 6 are in the second shell 4.Which solution is acidic? a) H2O b)H2O+ NA(+) +OH(-) c) H20+H(+) +Cl (-) d)Na(+) + HCO3 (-) 5.which of the following is true about the products of the chemical reaction?a) in the synthesis reaction , the products contain the fewer atoms than the reactants b) in the synthesis reaction , the products contain more atoms than the reactants c)in any chemical reaction the products may contain more or fewer atoms than the rectants because the reaction is a random event d)the products of chemical reactions always contain the same number of atoms as the reactants 6.Can you choose which thing is not like others ? a)lactose b)maltose c)sucrose d )fructose 7Which of the following is not organic compound? a)CO2 b)H2O c)CH2O d)NH3 8.Which of the following is a lipid ? a)C6H12O6 b)C22H44COOH c)C2H4NH2 d)CO2 9.Which of the following does not dissolve readily in a water? a)proteins b) amino Acids c) steroids d) Carbohydrates 10.Which of the following is organic asid? a)H2CO3 b)NaOH c)HCL d)KCL 11.Nitrogen is the element important to the composition of ? a)carbohydrate b)proteins and nucleis acids c)fats d)glycerol 12.Which of the following is protein ? a)sucrose b) cholesterol c)raffinose d)mannose 13.In the formation of a polymer , dehydration synthesis occurs between ? a) the amino groups of 2 different amino acids b)the acid groups of two different amino acids c)the amino group of one amino acid and the acid group of the other d)all of the above

CH 104 Lecture Notes - Lecture 3: Sulfur, Transition Metal, Nitride

Document Summary

Get access

Related Documents

CH 104 Lecture Notes - Lecture 12: Main-Group Element, Electron Configuration, Nonmetal

CH 104 Lecture Notes - Lecture 2: Electron Configuration, Transition Metal, Valence Electron

CHE 101 Lecture Notes - Lecture 6: Ionic Bonding, Electron Configuration, Covalent Bond

Related Questions