HY 102 Lecture Notes - Lecture 92: Dayton Agreement, Free Market, Dissolution Of Czechoslovakia
1 Jun 2018
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Department
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Professor
I.Europe Recast: The Collapse of Communism and the End of the Soviet Union
A. The beginning of the end
1. Mikhail Gorbachev (b. 1931) assumed leadership of Communist Party in 1985
a. Critical of repressive aspects of communism and the sluggish economy
b. Glasnost (intellectual candor) and perestroika (economic restructuring)
c. Called for the shift from a centrally planned economy to a mixed economy
d. Freed a number of Soviet dissidents
e. Revoked Brezhnev doctrine
2. Gorbachev and perestroika
. Competitive elections to official positions and term limits
a. Shift to a mixed economy
b. Integrating the Soviet Union into the international economy
3. Too little, too late
. Ethnic unrest
a. Secession movements
B. Eastern Europe after Gorbachev
1. Poland—Solidarity launched new wave of strikes in 1988
2. Hungary—new reform government under the Hungarian Socialist Workers' Party
. Purged of communist members in 1989
3. Czechoslovakia
. Demonstrations against Soviet domination
a. The Civic Forum—opposition coalition
i. Free elections
ii. Mass demonstrations
iii. Threats of a general strike
b. Václav Havel (b. 1936) elected president
4. East Germany
. Severe economic stagnation and environmental degradation
a. Massive illegal emigration of East Germans to the West
b. November 4, 1989: East Germany opened its border with Czechoslovakia
c. November 9, 1989: The Berlin Wall was breached
5. A united Germany (October 3, 1990)
C. The velvet revolution
1. Romania under Nicolae Ceau?escu (1918-1989)
2. Single-party governments collapsed
. Albania, Bulgaria, and Yugoslavia claimed independence from Moscow
a. Lithuania and Latvia proclaimed their independence in 1991
D. The Soviet Union
1. The failure of perestroika
2. The rise of Boris Yeltsin (b. 1931)
. Elected president of the Russian Federation
a. Anti-Gorbachev platform
3. Mounting protests against slow change (1991)
4. Hardline communists planned a coup against Gorbachev (August 1991)
. Gorbachev incarcerated
5. The Soviet Union ceased to exist on December 8, 1991
6. Gorbachev resigned on December 25, 1991
E. After the fall of the Soviet Union
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Document Summary
I. europe recast: the collapse of communism and the end of the soviet union: the beginning of the end, mikhail gorbachev (b. Competitive elections to official positions and term limits: shift to a mixed economy. Integrating the soviet union into the international economy: too little, too late. Ethnic unrest: secession movements, eastern europe after gorbachev, poland solidarity launched new wave of strikes in 1988, hungary new reform government under the hungarian socialist workers" party. Purged of communist members in 1989: czechoslovakia. Demonstrations against soviet domination: the civic forum opposition coalition. Threats of a general strike: v clav havel (b. Albania, bulgaria, and yugoslavia claimed independence from moscow: lithuania and latvia proclaimed their independence in 1991, the soviet union, the failure of perestroika, the rise of boris yeltsin (b. Elected president of the russian federation: anti-gorbachev platform, mounting protests against slow change (1991, hardline communists planned a coup against gorbachev (august 1991)
