HY 106 Lecture Notes - Lecture 37: William Cockerill, Mercantilism, Friedrich List
Industrialization in Continental Europe
1. National Variations
1. A per capita companion of levels of industrialization is a comparison of
how much average industrial product was available to each person in a
country in a given year
2. In 1750, all countries were fairly close together and that Britain was only
slightly ahead of France and that Britain had opened up a noticeable
lead over all continental countries by 1800; gap widened as the British
Industrial Revolution accelerated
3. Third, variations in the timing and in the extent of industrialization in the
continental powers and the United States are also apparent; Belgium
rich in iron and coal, led in adopting Britain’s new technology, and
France consistently developed gradually
4. By 1913, Germany was rapidly closing in while the United States had
already passed
5. Finally, All the European states (As well as the United States, Canada,
and Japan) managed to raise per capita industrial levels in the
nineteenth century but stood in contrasted to most non-Western
countries, most notably in China and India
6. Rates of wealth and power creating industrial development, which
heightened inequality in Europe, also magnified inequities between
Europe and rest of the world
2. The Challenge of Industrialization
1. Throughout Europe the eighteenth century was an era of agricultural
improvement, population increase, expanding foreign trade, and growing
cottage industry
2. When the pace of English industry began to accelerate in the 1780s,
continental businesses began to adopt new methods and at first the
Continent was close behind
1. While English industry maintained the momentum of the 1780s, on
the Continent, the political and economic upheavals that bean with
the French Revolution disrupted trade, created runaway inflation,
and foster social anxiety
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