BIO 200 Lecture Notes - Lecture 11: Megavirus, Icosahedron, Organ Transplantation
23 Jan 2017
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Six kingdoms: bacteria, (archae-bacteria, protista, plantae, fungi, animalia. Monophyletic vs. paraphyletic: monophyletic group of organisms forms a clade. It consists of a common ancestor and all of its descendants: paraphyletic includes the most common ancestor but does not include all of its descendants. Three domain model: bacteria, archaea, eukarya. Horizontal (lateral) genes transfer (hgt: movement of genetic material between distantly related organisms. Endosymbiotic theory: eukaryote organelles originated through symbiosis between multiple microorganisms, mitochondria and chloroplasts arose through hgt. Last universal common ancestor (luca: all life shares some traits, strongly indicating the existence of luca. Two facts about studying diversity: traits differ between groups on the tree, we will spend more time on groups we know more about. Prokaryotes are fundamentally different: unicellular, binary fission, un-enclosed dna, circular chromosome, no organelles, asexual. Eukaryotes: multicellular (mostly, compartmentalized, sexual (mostly) Two characteristics of life: organized, replicates itself.
