BIO 201 Lecture Notes - Lecture 7: Differential Centrifugation, Nuclear Membrane, Endomembrane System
18 Feb 2017
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Characteristics of eukaryotes (good nut - have nucleus) Poor structural support (cell wall less stable) Large (usually 10-100 micrometers but majority are 10 um) Whole cells > cell wall, nuclei > mitochondria, chloroplasts, lysosomes > microsomes, vesicles > ribosomes. Microsomes - remains of organelles in endomembrane system; look like vesicles. Ribosomes - protein heavy enough to pellet in a centrifuge at very fast speeds. General characteristics of some organelles determined through centrifugation. Mitochondria: enzymes and other machinery for aerobic metabolism; contain some. Break down sugars and fatty acid to make atp with the use of o2. Chloroplast: enzymes and other machinery for photosynthesis; contain some dna and. Peroxisomes: enzymes involved in fatty acid breakdown. Reactions create free radicals - damage molecules around them and kill cell. Loaded with enzymes that break down free radicals! Take up most of area of cell. Rna transcribed from genes in nuclear genome. After transcription, mrna and trna exits nucleus through pores.
