GEOG 1266 Lecture Notes - Lecture 3: Stratovolcano, Pyroclastic Flow, Motor Oil

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13 Jun 2018

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VOLCANOES

I. VOLCANIC MATERIALS

❖ Magma Low Silica Content High

❖ Lava

❖ Ash <50% >65%

❖ Lahars Low Viscosity High

Units Pa *s

Water = 0.001 Mafic Composition Felsic

Milk=0.003

Motor oil = 1.0 Associated Rocks

Mafic magma = 100-1000

Felsic magma = 106 -108 Basalt Andesite Rhyolite

Pahoehoe – basaltic lava that is ropey, billoughy lava

Aa – basaltic lava that is jagged and broken

Both are mafic and low silica content

Basalt is commonly found in Iceland

Ash – any type of material less than 2 mm of diameter that is pushed into the atmosphere

during an explosive volcanic eruption

Pyroclastic flow - Ash can be pushed down the volcano and creates hazards – becomes a

deposit and becomes part of the volcano

II. SHIELD VOLCANOES

➢ Hawaiian islands – layers of basalt

III. STRATOVOLCANOES

❖ Composite volcanoes

➢

IV. REMANT VOLCANIC LANDFORMS

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