BSCI 105 Lecture Notes - Lecture 5: Emergence, Cell Nucleus, Protein Structure
13 Sep 2016
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Document Summary
A few side groups are responsible for much diversity of biological molecules. Functional groups alter the reactivity and chemical properties of organic molecules. It turns molecules from non-polar hydrophobic to polar hydrophilic. Amino h-n-h. acts as a base and can pick up an h+ from surrounding solution. Really good at forming covalent bonds, attach permanently with other sh groups. S to h. very involved in protein structure. Phosphate 4 oxygens bonded to a p. effects solubility in water. Cells use many large macromolecules that exhibit emergent properties. Dehydration removes a water molecule, forming a new bond. Hydrolysis adds a water molecule, breaking a bond. Lipids can be large molecules, but not polymers. Glycerol + fatty acids = triacylglycerol (fat, triglyceride) 1 or more double bonds in fatty acid chains. Related to fats, but have distinct chemical properties. Kind of soluble in water, head is soluble. Amphipathic molecules form micelles in water and help solubilize fats.
