BSCI 330 Lecture Notes - Lecture 3: Cell Nucleus, Polysaccharide, Glycerol

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amaranthmanatee653

14 Oct 2018

School

University of Maryland

Department

Biological Sciences Program

Course

BSCI 330

Professor

Frauwirth

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Document Summary

Macromolecules (protein, nucleic acid and polysaccharide) makes up almost the rest of dry weight 26% Protein makes up the big chunk of macromolecules. Bulk of the weight comes from water. Monomers polymers via condendation (specifically dehydration reactions) Dehydrations reactions because a water molecule is formed in the process. 1 | b s c i 3 3 0. Carbohydrates energy source, structural support and binding surface. When it it opened, it is planar and there"s no chirality. Chemical features - linear chain ring, several oh groups. Up (above the plane of the ring) = beta. Down (below the plane of the ring) = alpha. The carbons in the ring are numbered clockwise from the oxygen in the ring. Linkages are made from left to right linkages are between oh on sugar a and another oh on sugar b. Linked sugars are capable of forming a vast array of branched polysaccharide structure.

Related Questions

1. Which of the following is NOT a key feature of ALL individual cells?

a. The ability to store and transit information using nucleic acids

b. the presence of a plasma membrane

c. The ability to harvest and transform energy from the environment

d. The presence of nucleus

(I choose c and itâs wrong answer)

2. A phosphodiester bond is formed molecule:

a. A fatty acid and a glycerol molecule

b. Two amino acids

c. A 3â phosphate and a 5â hydroxyl group

d. A 5â phosphate and a 3â hydroxyl group

3. The class of macro molecules that are not composed of repeating structural units:

a. Lipids

b. Carbohydrates

c. Proteins

d. Nucleic acids

Question 401 pts

Kinetic energy is the stored energy that can be used for motion.

True

False

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Question 411 pts

When an electron is transferred from one atom to another, and the two atoms are then electrically attracted to one another, a(n) ________________ bond is formed.

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Question 421 pts

Changing the number of ____________ of an atom would change the chemical properties of the atom.

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Question 431 pts

Forming molecules and breaking down molecules in biological organisms usually requires the use of _________ to help the reaction proceed faster.

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Question 441 pts

Organic molecules have a core composed of .

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Question 451 pts

The building blocks of carbohydrates are

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Question 461 pts

Water molecules crossing a membrane from high to low concentration is .

active transport

cell fate

facilitated diffusion

osmosis

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Question 471 pts

Choose the membrane molecule responsible for the passage of polar molecules and ions into and out of the cell.

phospholipids

transmembrane channel proteins

cell surface proteins

carbohydrate chains

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Question 481 pts

The simplest cells are .

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Question 491 pts

Which of the following membrane bound organelles are found inside bacterial cells:

nucleus

organelles are not found in prokaryotic cells

mitochondria

chloroplasts

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Question 501 pts

Which of the following is a specialized components of the cell, is associated with the rough endoplasmic reticulum, and is responsible for making proteins.

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Question 511 pts

Proteins are sorted, modified, and packaged by the _____________ and later transported to the outside of the cell.

ribosomes

golgi bodies (golgi apparatus)

nucleus

mitochondria

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Question 521 pts

Dehydration synthesis is a process of linking two smaller subunits together to form a polymer. Which of the following statements below is true of dehydration synthesis?

Oxygen is consumed.

A water molecule is removed from the molecules.

A water molecule is added to the molecules

Carbon dioxide is given off.

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Question 531 pts

Proteins are made up of _________ held together by peptide bonds.

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Question 541 pts

Which of the following gives an amino acid its properties?

NH2

R Group or functional group

COOH

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Question 551 pts

The final three-dimensional shape of a protein that includes the bonding of two or more polypeptide chains is call its _____ structure.

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Question 561 pts

How do DNA and RNA differ?

all statements are differences between DNA and RNA.

DNA is double stranded while RNA is single stranded.

They have different sugars.

Thymine is present in DNA but not in RNA.

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Question 571 pts

Which of the following is a component of a DNA nucleotide?

phosphate

a nitrogen containing base

All are components of a nucleotide.

5-carbon sugar

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Question 581 pts

Cell membranes are made up of several different types of molecules. Select the membrane molecule below that is made up of a polar region and two non-polar fatty acid tails.

transmembrane proteins

carbohydrate chains

phospholipids

cell surface proteins

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Question 591 pts

Two organelles which are believed to have once been free-living bacterial cells are ____________ and ______________.

chloroplasts and mitochondria

golgi apparatus and endoplasmic reticulum

ribosomes and nucleolus

peroxisomes and lysosomes

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Question 601 pts

The is an extensive system of internal membranes responsible for producing carbohydrates and lipids.

smooth endoplasmic reticulum

rough endoplasmic reticulum

nucleolus

mitochondria

sangriarat617

Fill in the blank assignment

Biological membranes are primarily formed from two types oforganic molecules, (16)______, composed of amino acids and(17)_____, composed of phosphates, glycerol and fatty acids.Membranes are (18)___ ____ to molecules allowing some to freelypass through and restricting or preventing the passage of others.Molecules may cross membranes on their own moving from areas ofhigher to lower concentration, with no expenditure of externalenergy, in a process called (19)____. Protein molecules that spanthe membrane may assist or carry other molecules across themembrane, (20)_____ _____, also from areas of higher to lowerconcentration. (21)____ _____ moves molecules across membranes fromareas of lower to higher concentration with the use of energy inthe form of ATP. As opposed to the process of passive transport,illustrated by answers (19) and (20), molecules move against their(22) ______ _______.

If you compare two situations on either side of a cellularmembrane, they are said to be (23)_____ if their soluteconcentrations are equal. Solutions that have higher soluteconcentrations are (24)_____ when compared to solutions with lowersolute concentrations, (25)______. If molecules or substances aretoo large to pass through membranes on their own or with the use ofprotein carriers, vesicles may help to move these materials in orout of the cell as vesicles fuse with or pinch off membranes. This(26)____ ____ of materials is called (27)____ if materials aremoved into cells. The transport of lage solids or "cell-eating" is(28)_____. Entry of liquids is termed (29)____ or "cell drinking."Movement of materials out of the cell is (30)_____.

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BSCI 330 Lecture Notes - Lecture 3: Cell Nucleus, Polysaccharide, Glycerol

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