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BSCI 330 Lecture Notes - Lecture 30: Nuclear Localization Sequence, Nuclear Pore, Nuclear Lamina

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rubysea-lion716
20 Jul 2015
School
University of Maryland
Department
Biological Sciences Program
Course
BSCI 330
Professor
Cao/ Woodham

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Document Summary

Intercellular compartments: prokaryotes vs. eukaryotes, origin of eukaryotic cells, organelles in eukaryotes. The principal sites of dna, rna and protein synthesis. The abundance and shape of organelles are regulated to meet the needs of the cell. The origin of the nuclear envelope and er. The origin of the chloroplasts in plant cells. Evidence for endosymbiosis to prokaryotes: mitochondria and chloroplasts have their own dna (one circular chromosome), similar, mitochondria and chloroplasts have double membranes, size of mitochondria is similar to bacteria. It has to get the proteins in the genes encoded in the host genome. One suggested pathway for the evolution of the eukaryotic cell and its internal membranes. Matrix, innermembrane (etc, atp synthesis), outer membrane (large channels, very permeable), intermembrane space. Mitochondria align with microtubules and move along the microtubules. Structure or molecule: dna all, nucleus animal and plant, peroxisome plant and animal, mitrochondrion plant and animal, golgi apparatus plant and animal.

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Related Questions

Question 1

The presence of which of the following is a distinguishablecharacteristic between prokaryotic cells and eukaryotic cells?

a. Translation using ribosomes

b. the ability to metabolize simple sugars

c. The ability to replicate a DNA genome

d. internal membranes making separate compartments for differentfunctions

Question 2

Which of the following statements is FALSE regarding phosphategroups

a. phosphate groups are added to proteins found only on theoutside of cells or inside membrane-bound organelles

b. phosphate groups can be added to the amino acids tyrosine,serine, and threonine to control functions of proteins

c. phosphate groups are hydrophilic

d. phosphate groups can be found in some types of proteins,nucleic acids and lipids

Question 3

The Endosymbiont Theory is supported by which of thefollowing?

a. Endosymbiosis occurs naturally in modern times

b. Mitochondria and chloroplasts have circular genomes seperatefrom the nuclear genomes

c. Mitochondria and chloroplasts have other biochemicalcharacteristics more similar to prokaryotes than eukaryotes

d. all of the above

1 What advantages do organelles provide to eukaryotic cells? Arethey necessarily required or simply an artefact of the evolutionaryhistory of eukaryotes? Why, for example, would eukaryotic cellsrequire a membrane-bound nucleus when prokaryotes seem to replicateefficiently without one?

2. What are the 3 main intracellular transport mechanisms forproteins? How does cell topology influence the particularmechanisms needed to transport a protein among organellesintracellularly?

3. Here’s a chicken and egg question… how are transmembraneproteins added to membranes in newly synthesized organelles ifthere are no translocater proteins already present to directthem?

PLEASE HELP! HELP! I HAVE 3 PAPERS THAT I’M WRITING SO INEED HELP WITH THIS ASSIGNMENT!

PLEASE READ THE QUESTIONS CAREFULLY BEFORE ANSWERING.PLEASE INCLUDE A PARENTHETICAL CITATION WHEN YOU REFER TO,SUMMARIZE, OR QUOTE FROM ANOTHER SOURCES. (MICROBIOLOGY) DUE DATE01/27/2019

Type a three-page minimum double spaced paper coveringthe following topics:

  • Compare and contrast gram-positive and gram-negative cellwalls. Discuss clinical implications of these differences(15 points).
  • Compare and contrast prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. Touch onspecifically the differences in their nucleus, membrane-enclosedorganelles, cell wall, plasma membranes, chromosomes, ribosomes,and cell division. Discuss clinical implications of thesedifferences (15 points).
  • Describe the functions of the following organelles: flagella,cilia, cell wall, plasma membrane, cytoplasm, ribosome, nucleus,smooth endoplasmic reticulum, rough endoplasmic reticulum, golgicomplex, lysosomes, vacuoles, mitochondria, chloroplasts,peroxisomes (25 points).