CHEM 131 Lecture Notes - Lecture 4: Transition Metal, Ionic Radius, Nonmetal
31 Oct 2016
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Other electron has n=1,l=0,m1=0,ms=-1/2: cannot have the same quantum numbers, when they are in the same orbital, have opposite spins, elements in the same group have the same outer configurations. Valence electrons: electrons involved in boding, s block- valence electrons always ns1/ns2, outside the previous noble gas core, ex. Mg- group 2a (ne) 3s2: period 4- for p and d blocks- n-1d electrons, valence electrons if the n-1d/f orbitals partially filled. Inner shield outer from charge on nucleus: zeff=z-number of core electrons, ex. Metals: lose electrons easily: positive cations, shiny, conductive, solids: soft, ductile, nuclei sea of electrons, react with nonmetals. Nonmetals: gain electrons: anions, dull, poor conductors, for molecular and ionic solids: hard, brittle. Metalloids: metallic character increases down and to right on periodic table, have metallic behavior. Transition elements fill in order of ns before n-1d. But once filled the fields of the n-1 d electrons perturb the ns and repel the to a higher energy.
