CHEM 131 Lecture Notes - Lecture 1: Viscosity, Ductility, Antoine Lavoisier
3 Sep 2016
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Document Summary
Chemistry- the study of matter: composition, properties, reactions, and energy. Energy- the capacity to do work: mass x acceleration x distance. Matter- that which has mass and volume. Composition- the types of substances that make up matter. Properties- characteristics of how matter behaves: chemical properties- flammability, corrosiveness, acid/base, oxid/redux, physical properties- color, melt/boil pt. , density, hardness. Pure substances: elements- atoms- indivisible, compounds- chemically bound atoms- divisible. Mixtures: heterogeneous: composition variable- spatially non uniform, homogeneous: spatially uniform composition. Atomic theory and basic laws: ancient greeks (5thc. Bc): postulate existence of atoms: europe 1700s-1800s: Law of conservation of mass- lavoisier: matter can neither be created or destroyed. Law of definite proportions- proust: all samples of a pure compound have the same proportions of constituent elements. Law of multiple proportions- dalton: the mass of element a when combined with element b can be expressed as a ratio of small numbers.
