ENSP 102 Lecture Notes - Lecture 10: Cooperative Federalism, Carbon Tax
5 Mar 2019
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Clean environment and protections for public health v. unwillingness to pay for or tolerate regulation. Command and control: set a standard, require compliance by a certain date and if you didn"t you were in trouble. With state implementation for many programs (cooperative federalism) Heavy burdens on industry and state and local government. Pollution and resources are transboundary, need transboundary response. Avoids race to the bottom: idea that if one state has much less rigid rules, business will move to that state. High costs and burdens on states and industry. Can infringe on states" rights to create own policy. But flexibility through implementation of federal standards. Standards: the maximum level of pollution permitted in air or waterbody (epa and states--cooperative federalism) Emissions limits--limits on individual sources designed to meet standards, often technology-based (epa and states) License to pollute, not enough pollution reduction, environmental justice.
