KNES 360 Lecture Notes - Lecture 2: Monocyte, Bicarbonate, Catecholamine

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maroonarmadillo314

11 Sep 2017

School

University of Maryland

Department

Kinesiology

Course

KNES 360

Professor

Dr.Rogers

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Document Summary

Glucose from the food we eat from gi tract amount of glucose that is taken up during exercise increases significantly into skeletal muscle can be metabolized to produce atp. Glucose is specific to acti(cid:448)e skeletal (cid:373)us(cid:272)le, (cid:271)ut the other skeletal (cid:373)us(cid:272)les" glu(cid:272)ose levels would stay consistent. Lactic acid- as a result of glycolytic metabolism splitting of clglucose and not a lot of. Increases significantly when exercising: not a waste product, but an end product of metabolism can be taken up by other tissues- liver and heart, comes from fast twitch skeletal muscle. Not only ph of blood itself, but also the ph of the tissues (heart and active skeletal muscles) Transports hormones to cells to regulate cv function; and metabolism. Hormone to regulate cv epinephrine and norepinephrine catechola(cid:373)i(cid:374)e"s: acute bout of physical activity, high intensity bout of physical activity the (cid:272)ate(cid:272)hola(cid:373)i(cid:374)e"s would increase, so increase in hr and contractibility stimulatory hormones that increase cv response and function.

Related Questions

1. Reflexes associated with Golgitendon organs prevent skeletal muscles from

a. stretching toofar

b. contracting with too muchforce

c. accumulating too much lacticacid

d. exercising toolong

2. Why do plasma glucoseconcentrations start to decline after prolonged enduranceexercise?

a. Glucagon releasedecreases.

b. Insulin releaseincreases.

c. Cortisol releasedecreases.

d. Glycogen stores aredepleted.

3. During a graded aerobic exercise,

a. SBP gradually increases while DBP remains same or slightlydecreases.

b. SBP remains same or slightly decreases while DBP graduallyincreases.

4. Factor(s) affecting blood pressure is(are)

a. HR.

b. SV.

c. Q.

d. TPR.

e. All of above.

5. Where does waterportion of sweat come from?

a. Inside of muscle cells.

b. Urine.

c. Plasma.

6. End-diastolic volume (EDV) -end-systolic volume (ESV) =

a. cardiac output(CO).

b. mean arterial pressure(MAP).

c. stroke volume(SV).

d. ejection fraction(EF).

7. The major factor affecting blood flow is

a. viscosity ofblood.

b. length of vessel.

c. radius of vessel.

d. shear stress ofvessel.

8. Accumulation of metabolicby-products in muscle (H⁺,CO₂, heat) leads to

a. vasoconstriction.

b. vasodilation.

c. sympatheticactivation.

d. reduced muscle bloodflow.

9. During a grated exercise until the point ofventilator threshold (VT) occurring,

a. pulmonary ventilation (VE) increases proportionally to exerciseintensity increase.

b. pulmonary ventilation (VE) increases disproportionally toexercise intensity increase.

10. Immediately stopping a steady-statesubmaximal exercise, VE steeply decreases. This decrease is dueto

a. decrease in PCO₂, H⁺, and the coretemperature (metabolic effect).

b. decrease in neural input from CNS and feedback from activemuscle.

11. During the recovery period after asteady-state submaximal exercise, VE gradually decrease because

a. decrease in PCO₂, H⁺, and the coretemperature (metabolic effect).

b. decrease in neural input from CNS and feedback from activemuscle.

12. Valsalvamaneuver is dangerous because

a. sore abdominal muscles.

b. a drop in blood pressure if Valsalva maneuver iscontinued.

c. a dangerous rise in blood pressure immediately afterstarting Valsalva maneuver.

d. b and c are correct.

e. All of above are correct.

13. The point atwhich pulmonary ventilation (VE) increases disproportionately withoxygen consumption (VO₂) during graded exercise iscalled

a. ventilatory threshold (VT).

b. lactate threshold (LT).

c. anaerobic threshold (AT).

14. Which condition duringexercise induces the right shift of hemoglobin's oxygen-binding affinity curve(Bohr effect)?

a. ADP accumulation

b. lower pH

c. mechanical compression ofmuscle capillaries

d. local hypoxia(low O₂)

15. How is bloodpressure response during submaximal exercise different between armsand legs?

a. Arms have a higher.

b. Legs have a higher.

c. They are the same

d. They can't be compared

16. Which of thefollowing does not increase the heart'sstroke volume?

a. Enhanced cardiac filling and ejection

b. Neurohormonal influence

c. Training adaptations that expand blood volume

d. Training adaptations that increase resistance to bloodflow

17. Which of the following willdecrease stroke volume (SV)?

a. increased preload

b. increasedcontractility

c. increased Calcium(Ca²⁺) concentrations

d. increasedafterload

18. For two athletes with sameVO₂max, An athlete who has _____ lactate thresholdpredicts better performance.

a. higher

b. lower

c. It doesn

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21. Aerobic training would decrease submaximalheart rate, which is beneficial for aerobic performance because

a. it saves energy used by heart beats.

b. it gives longer time for ventricular filling.

c. a and b.

d. None of above.

22. Aerobic training would ________ anaerobicpower during maximal exercise.

a. delay onset of

b. facilitate onset of

c. rely on

23. Compared to untrainedindividuals, trained endurance athletes have

a. higher maximal heartrates.

b. higher resting cardiacoutputs.

c. higher resting heartrates.

d. higher maximal strokevolumes.

24. What is the likely outcome oflow volume, low intensity training?

a. increased aerobiccapacity

b. increased anaerobiccapacity

c. increased aerobic andanaerobic capacity

d. little improvement in eitheraerobic or anaerobic capacity

25. Which of the followingstatements explaining the increase in SV after aerobic training iscorrect?

a. reload, contractility, andafterload increase

b. preload, contractility, andafterload decrease

c. preload and contractilityincrease, afterload decreases

d. preload decreases,contractility and afterload increase

26. When motor units contract moresynchronously,

a. muscles cannot sustainsteady forces anymore

b. muscles increase the rate offorce development

c. the ability to generateforce is impeded

d. a single motor neuron nowinnervates several motor units

27. In general, whole-muscle hypertrophy in humans most likely resultsfrom

a. mostly fiberhyperplasia

b. entirely fiberhyperplasia

c. mostly fiberhypertrophy

d. equal contributions of fiberhypertrophy and fiber hyperplasia

28. Overload can be achieved by

a. increasing intensity.

b. increasing recovery time.

c. a certain type of training.

d. All of above.

29. Resistance training increases forceproduction by

a. neural adaptation followed by intramuscular adaptation.

b. intramuscular adaptation followed by neural adaptation.

c. simultaneous neural and intramuscular adaptation.

30. Training causesan increase in stroke volume due to all of the following except

a. increased filling time.

b. increased left ventricular volume.

c. increased cardiac and arterial stiffness.

d. improved intrinsic contractile function.

31. The risk of DOMS after a giventraining session can be reduced by which trainingstrategy?

a. train at high intensity withboth resistance and anaerobic training components

b. train with primarily intenseeccentric exercise

c. reduce eccentric componentof muscle action

d. employ more downhillexercise in the training program

32. After anaerobic training, thecross-sectional areas of ______ are larger than before thetraining.

a. type I fibers

b. type II fibers

c. type I and type IIfibers

33. Aerobic training would cause __________cardiac hypertrophy, which is increased ______________.

a. concentric, the diameter of left ventricle.

b. eccentric, the diameter of left ventricle.

c. concentric, the wall thickness.

d. eccentric, the diameter and wall thickness of leftventricle.

34. InFartlek training, ___________ is changed based on

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Question 1. Increased peripheral edema could be caused by:

a. blocked lymph vessels

b. decreased capillary blood pressure

c. increased concentration of albumin in the blood

d. slowed heart rate

Question 2. The pulse pressure of a healthy student is most likely to be:

a. 5 mm Hg

b. 30 mm Hg

c. 95 mm Hg

d. 120 mm Hg

Question 3. beta-blockers inhibit the activity of beta-adrenergic receptors and change the function of the heart by:

a. increasing heart rate and increasing contractility

b. increasing heart rate and decreasing contractility

c. decreasing heart rate and increasing contractility

d. decreasing heart rate and decreasing contractility

Question 4. In cardiac pacemaker cells, the L-type calcium channels:

a. open during diastole

b. close when the membrane potential rises above threshold

c. are located in the cell membrane

d. pump Ca2+ ions into the sarcoplasmic reticulum

Question 5. Dr. Campbell used an elliptical trainer for 40 minutes at the gym. Although the workload remained constant, Dr. Campbellâs heart-rate rose to 150 beats per minute during the first 5 minutes, stayed at that level for the next 25 minutes and then started to rise. It was 180 beats per minute at the end of the exercise period.

What was the time interval between QRS complexes when Dr. Campbellâs heart rate was 180 beats per minute?

a. 3.3 ms

b. 33 ms

c. 333 ms

d. 3333 ms

Question 6. In the question 5 above, Dr. Campbellâs heart rate is most likely to have risen during the last 10 minutes of exercise because his:

a. lungs were becoming congested

b. atrial cells were fatigued

c. extracellular Ca2+ concentration had increased

d. hematocrit increased due to sweating

Question 7. A Physiology student is sitting still in a cold igloo. After 30 minutes, she stands up, walks slowly around the igloo, and suddenly starts to shiver.

The student preserved their core temperature while they were sitting by:

a. depressing their Frank-Starling mechanism

b. decreasing the extracellular Ca2+ concentration

c. relaxing smooth muscles in their peripheral circulation

d. increasing the resistance of arterioles in their arms and legs

Question 8. In the question 7 above, the student started to shiver soon after walking because:

a. their atria started to fibrillate

b. their ventricles started to fibrillate

c. blood moved to the periphery, became cold, and chilled the core when it returned to the chest

d. the ATP concentration in their skeletal muscles had dropped to zero

Please use the following scenario for answering the questions 9 and 10.

A newly discovered drug binds to myosin molecules in cardiac muscle (and nowhere else) and increases the probability that myosin molecules in ventricular cells will bind to actin filaments when the intracellular Ca2+ concentration rises. The drug is being tested as a potential therapy for patients with heart failure.

Question 9. This drug might help people who have low cardiac output by:

a. increasing peripheral resistance

b. increasing the force developed by ventricular cells

c. increasing the isovolumic contraction time

d. increasing heart rate

Question 10. The increased binding of cardiac myosin molecules to actin might prevent the drug from being a useful treatment by:

a. slowing ventricular relaxation

b. decreasing the duration of systole

c. decreasing resistance of capillaries

d. slowing heart rate

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KNES 360 Lecture Notes - Lecture 2: Monocyte, Bicarbonate, Catecholamine

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