KNES 370 Lecture Notes - Lecture 20: Messier 81, Organism, Muscular System
9 May 2018
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Lecture 20
Compensation Period
In neuroimaging study of expert stringed- instrument players (Pantex et al, 1995), when the
right handed violin/guitar/cello players had their fingers on both hands stimulated, the
researchers found that:
- The right somatosensory area of the brain had a greater area of activity than the left
side of the brain (they are righties)
- Those who had been playing their instrument from an early age had greater activation
- Both of them
COMPENSATION PERIOD
- No order for compensation period—can happen any time during life
- The period of motor skill development in which a skilled individual is compensating for a
change in an organismic constraint
- When we produce a skill, we use sensori-motor mapping
o Built from practice
o Every gesture you produce the same motor behavior differently, always
variability—have to adapt to environment and conditions
▪ Credit assign problem
• As you perform a skill many times, you get tired, and produce less
force, but now you get tired, something changed and have to
adapt to that change
• Adapt to the change
• Aging cannot be recovered—permanently modify to aging—
irreversible—have to permanently adapt to new changes
o Map provides us with
▪ Estimates for future
▪ Adaption
o Compensations—long term adaptation
▪ Twin study- send one guy to space for 1-2 years, and other is still here on
Earth
• Completely different environment—build new sensori motor
mapping—readapt to previous environment
Two Types of Compensations
- Injury or disease induced
o A change in organism constraints associated with an inury or disease
- Aging assoacioated
o Changes in organism constraints that are associated with the process of aging
o Everyone will do this—aging is universal process
- Bboth are form organism constraint
find more resources at oneclass.com
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Characteristics of movement in the compensation period
- Motor skill performance shows a compensations from previous level of skillfulness
- Most often not optimal but can still be skillful
- Particularly vulnerable are gross mtoor skills that require large forces or sustained
aerobic effort
- Due to changes in organismics constraints, (inury, disease, aging)
What is Aging?
- Aging—the gaining/increase of age, cannot be avoided
- Current usges—the changes in the system
o Associated with gaining age near the end of lifespan—usually with negative
connotation
o Hoeer, agigi is a eutral ter…
▪ What we are really talking about negatively is
▪ Senescence b
• The damage, harm, loss, fragility or failure associated with aging
systems (Yates and Benton, 1995)
o Chronological Age—the time from your birth until the time of measurement
o Biological age—the age of your biological system relative to its entire lifespan
potential
▪ One can be 80 years (CA) old but have the body of a 60 yr old (BA)
- Age and the compensation period
o Is gaining a negative process?
▪ No
o If gaining is the gaiing of age, then much of aging is good
o But since aging is associated with changes in organismic constraints, it is
associated with compensation stage (senescence)
Theories of Aging
- Genetic theories-
o predetermined by the gene
- wear and tear—use body
Aging and Disease Processes
- aging
o universal
o intrinsic
o progressive
o irreversible/not treatable
- disease
o selective
o intrinsic and extrinsic
o discontinuous
o often treatable
find more resources at oneclass.com
find more resources at oneclass.com
Document Summary
In neuroimaging study of expert stringed- instrument players (pantex et al, 1995), when the right handed violin/guitar/cello players had their fingers on both hands stimulated, the researchers found that: The right somatosensory area of the brain had a greater area of activity than the left side of the brain (they are righties) Those who had been playing their instrument from an early age had greater activation. No order for compensation period can happen any time during life. The period of motor skill development in which a skilled individual is compensating for a change in an organismic constraint. Earth: completely different environment build new sensori motor mapping readapt to previous environment. Injury or disease induced: a change in organism constraints associated with an inury or disease. Aging assoacioated: changes in organism constraints that are associated with the process of aging, everyone will do this aging is universal process. Motor skill performance shows a compensations from previous level of skillfulness.
