BIL 104 Lecture Notes - Lecture 2: Pentose, Deoxyribose, Ribose

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cyanmouse555

27 Nov 2017

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The nucleic acids dna and rna are polymers of nucleotides. Nucleic acids were rst discovered in material extracted from the nuclei of cells. Two types of nucleic acid: dna and rna. Nucleic acids are very large molecules that are constructed by inking together nucleotides to form a polymer. 4 different bases in both dna and rna= 4 different nucleotides. 4 nucleotides can be linked together in any sequence because the phosphate and sugar used to link them are the same in every nucleotide. Dna differs from rna in the number of strands normally present, the base composition and the type of pentose. 3. the sugar within dna is deoxyribose and the sugar in rna is ribose (deoxyribose has one fewer oxygen atom than ribose). The full names of dna and rna are based on the type of sugar in them- deoxyribonucleic acid and ribonucleic acid two polymers of nucleotides in dna but only one in rna.

Related Questions

1.Nucleotides are joined together in long strands to make polymers.

â¢ Which part/s of the nucleotides is/are present in the backbone of a nucleic acid strand and how are they arranged?

â¢ Which part/s of the nucleotide is/are not in the backbone? How is it/are they linked to the backbone?

â¢ Nucleic acid polymers are not symmetrical â one end is different from the other end. What are the names for each end? What molecular feature is described by these names?

2. An important feature of nucleic acids is the ability of bases to pair.

â¢What type of bond holds together atoms within an individual nucleotide?

â¢ What type of bond holds together nucleotides that are linked in the same strand?

â¢ What type of bond holds together bases from different strands that are paired?

â¢ Which type of bond (above) is stronger?

3. RNA

â¢RNAs are typically single-stranded. Would you expect Chargaffâs patterns to apply to them? Why or why not?

â¢Although RNAs are typically single-stranded, they are involved in base pairing. Provide an example of base pairing that involves RNA. (There are many to choose from.)

â¢ In eukaryotic cells, after an RNA is transcribed, it undergoes RNA processing. What are the three types of RNA processing? Briefly explain each type. (Hint: one happens at the 5â end, one at the 3â end, and one in the middle.)

- 1.

- 2.

- 3.

1. Unlike DNA, RNA contains

deoxyribose

a double strand

phosphates

uracil

Nucleic acid structure

2. In transcription, uracil will bond with:

thymine

cytosine

adenine

guanine

Transcription

3. The first team of scientist to document the structure of DNA was:

Franklin and Wilkins

Watson and Crick

Pauling and Chargoff

None of the above

DNA structure

4. Organelles that synthesize protein are:

lysosomes

ribosomes

endoplasmic reticulum

golgi bodies

5. Most of the time in a cell's life, it's DNA is in the form of:

Chromatin

Chromatids

Replicated chromosomes

Spindle fibers

6. Uracil is a nitrogen base that pairs with adenine. Using this information, one could conclude that uracil is a:

Purine

Pyrimidine

Neither a purine or pyrimidine

Not enough information

7. a nucleotide does not consist of a:

polymerase

5-carbon sugar

phosphate group

nitrogen base

8. The genetic code in DNA of an individual depends on the sequence (order) of:

nucleotides

purines only

phosphates

sugars

9. Before a cell divides, it must duplicate its DNA in a process known as:

translation

transformation

transcription

replication

10. The basic unit (building block) of a protein is a (an):

carbohydrate

amino acid

lipid

hydrogen bond

11. Unlike DNA, RNA contains:

deoxyribose

a double strand

phosphates

uracil

12. The structure of DNA was first documented in:

1945

1953

1956

1962

13. In DNA replication, the new molecules produced are:

of unequal length

both assembled in the same direction

built with purines as the backbone

assembled in opposite directions

DNA replication

14. The "backbone" of DNA is composed of:

ribose and phosphates

deoxyribose and phosphates

ribose and uracil

deoxyribose and thymine

DNA structure

15. RNA differs from DNA in which of the following ways?

RNA is single-stranded

RNA contains ribose

RNA does not contain thymine

All of the above

DNA structure

16. Which of the following is NOT required for the transcription process itself?

RNA polymerase

DNA

uracil-containing nucleotides

ribosomes

skyhamster121

Match each term with its definition. Each term or definition is used only once

- A. B. C. D. E. F. G. H. I. J. K. L. M. N. O. P. Q. R. S. T.	right-spiraling common DNA form
- A. B. C. D. E. F. G. H. I. J. K. L. M. N. O. P. Q. R. S. T.	referencing the opposite orientation of hydrogen-bonded DNA strands
- A. B. C. D. E. F. G. H. I. J. K. L. M. N. O. P. Q. R. S. T.	viral particle whose natural host is a prokaryote
- A. B. C. D. E. F. G. H. I. J. K. L. M. N. O. P. Q. R. S. T.	universal holding that the number of purines always equals the number of pyrimidines
- A. B. C. D. E. F. G. H. I. J. K. L. M. N. O. P. Q. R. S. T.	nucleic acid base sequences able to form a double-stranded structure by virtue of matching base pairs
- A. B. C. D. E. F. G. H. I. J. K. L. M. N. O. P. Q. R. S. T.	5ââ 3â or 3ââ 5â
- A. B. C. D. E. F. G. H. I. J. K. L. M. N. O. P. Q. R. S. T.	nuclease able to cleave phosphodiester linkages in the DNA backbone
- A. B. C. D. E. F. G. H. I. J. K. L. M. N. O. P. Q. R. S. T.	the structure formed by two DNA strands twisted around a common axis in a spiral
- A. B. C. D. E. F. G. H. I. J. K. L. M. N. O. P. Q. R. S. T.	bacterial cycle of phage- infected cells resulting in cell destruction and viral release
- A. B. C. D. E. F. G. H. I. J. K. L. M. N. O. P. Q. R. S. T.	main access site for proteins that recognize specific DNA sequences
- A. B. C. D. E. F. G. H. I. J. K. L. M. N. O. P. Q. R. S. T.	a cytosine modification favoring Z DNA formation
- A. B. C. D. E. F. G. H. I. J. K. L. M. N. O. P. Q. R. S. T.	nucleic acid monomer consisting of a sugar, a phosphate group, and a nitrogenous base
- A. B. C. D. E. F. G. H. I. J. K. L. M. N. O. P. Q. R. S. T.	connects two nucleic acid sugar molecules via an ester bond
- A. B. C. D. E. F. G. H. I. J. K. L. M. N. O. P. Q. R. S. T.	hydrolyzes peptide bonds linking amino acids
- A. B. C. D. E. F. G. H. I. J. K. L. M. N. O. P. Q. R. S. T.	U or C in RNA
- A. B. C. D. E. F. G. H. I. J. K. L. M. N. O. P. Q. R. S. T.	a pentose sugar
- A. B. C. D. E. F. G. H. I. J. K. L. M. N. O. P. Q. R. S. T.	an enzyme that breaks down RNA
- A. B. C. D. E. F. G. H. I. J. K. L. M. N. O. P. Q. R. S. T.	either of the two nucleotide chains of a double helix
- A. B. C. D. E. F. G. H. I. J. K. L. M. N. O. P. Q. R. S. T.	a pyrimidine able to hydrogen bond with adenine
- A. B. C. D. E. F. G. H. I. J. K. L. M. N. O. P. Q. R. S. T.	a DNA configuration favored by high ionic strength and GC repeats

A.	protease
B.	lysis
C.	double helix
D.	bacteriophage
E.	complementary
F.	Chargaffâs rule
G.	B DNA
H.	major groove
I.	nucelotide
J.	antiparallel
K.	RNAse
L.	directionality
M.	phosphodiester linkage
N.	ribose
O.	Z DNA
P.	pyrimidine
Q.	methylation
R.	DNAse
S.	uracil
T.	strand

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BIL 104 Lecture Notes - Lecture 2: Pentose, Deoxyribose, Ribose

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