BIL 150 Lecture Notes - Lecture 17: Ribosomal Rna, Base Pair, Tata Box

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erinalligator886

1 Nov 2016

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A primary transcript is the initial rna transcript from any gene prior to processing. The central dogma is the concept that cells are governed by a cellular chain of command. Rna can also make dna by using enzyme reverse transcription. Triplet code: three nucleotide code for one amino acid. Smallest units of uniform length that can code for all 20 amino acids. During translation the mrna base triplets, called codons, are read in the 5" to 3" direction. Each codon specifies the amino acid to be placed at the corresponding position along a polypeptide. There is no physical barrier that tells where to stop coding, it is continuous. Three nucleotides in a row on a dna strand is therefore referred to as a codon. Because dna consists of four different bases, and because there are three bases in a codon, and because 4 * 4 * 4 = 64, there are 64 possible patterns for a codon.

Related Questions

RNA has many different roles in gene expression. Check all thatapply.

mRNA defines the polypeptide to be formed

DNA defines the polypeptide to be formed

rRNA, along with proteins, forms the ribosome

mRNA delivers the appropriate amino acid to the ribosome

tRNA delivers the appropriate amino acid to the ribosome

Translation is appropriately named because the process transfersthe code from DNA to RNA, though in complementary fashion.

True

False

The template strand is to the sense strand as the coding strandis to the antisense strand.

True

False

The phenomenon symbolized by DNA â RNA â Protein is referred toas the Central Dogma because it is true for all organisms.

True

False

The reading frame refers to the selection of the correct tripletof nucleotides by selecting the correct beginning point. If thebeginning point is wrong, all nucleotides will be clustered intothe wrong codons.

True

False

Activating enzymes need to recognize only one anticodon.

True

False

coffeehorse275

Fill in the blank. Elongation during translation does NOT involve ____________.

Question 16 options:

	the translation of codons according to the genetic code
	the formation of bonds catalyzed by the ribosome
	complementary base pairing between RNA molecules
	amino acids being linked together in a polypeptide
	reading the DNA template 3' to 5'

For a given gene, what establishes the reading frame for translation?

Question 17 options:

	the location of the enhancer relative to the gene
	the first three nucleotides at the 5' end of the mRNA
	the first three nucleotides at the 3' end of the mRNA
	the start codon in the mRNA
	the location of the promoter relative to the gene

Which of the following is the LEAST likely direct consequence of a substitution mutation?

Question 18 options:

	changing the length of a protein coded for by a gene
	changing one amino acid in a protein
	creating a stop codon
	eliminating a start codon
	changing the length of the DNA molecule containing a gene

Suppose that the pre-mRNA transcript from a eukaryotic gene is 30,000 nucleotides long, and the gene codes for a sequence of 300 amino acids. What is the best explanation for the relationship between these numbers?

Question 19 options:

	only the first 900 nucleotides of the pre-mRNA transcript are translated
	it takes 100 nucleotides to specify a single amino acid
	300 of the nucleotides in the transcript are important, and the rest are "junk"
	only the last 900 nucleotides of the pre-mRNA transcript are translated
	large portions of pre-mRNA transcripts are cut out during RNA processing

Suppose an individual is born into a population with a novel mutation. Is the new mutation an evolutionary change, and why?

Question 20 options:

	no, because it is not a big enough change to count
	yes, because new mutations are always adaptive
	yes, because the appearance of a new genetic variant is a genetic change in a population
	no, because not enough individuals have the mutation for it to matter
	no, because most mutations are not adaptive

If the bold term in each statement is correct hen write the letter C next to it. if the term is incorrect then replace it with the correct term.

The nucleotide bases found only in RNA and not in DNA is thymine.

The class of RNA molecules that carries the amino acids that are added to the growing polypeptide chain is tRNA.

During translation immediately after the first and second tRNA molecules become attached side by side on the mRNA., a hydrogen bond is formed between adjacent amino acids.

In the genetic code, 20 bases on the DNA code for a single amino acid.

The major lipid involved is transcription is RNA polymerase.

The one strand of DNA used as a template in the making of mRNA during transcription, is the template strand.

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BIL 150 Lecture Notes - Lecture 17: Ribosomal Rna, Base Pair, Tata Box

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