BMB 401 Lecture Notes - Lecture 1: Ribose 5-Phosphate, Furanose, Hypoxanthine
16 Dec 2016
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Nucleotides 4.1
• DNA replication, RNA transcription (DNA → RNA) and translation (RNA→ protein)
• Thermodynamics explain why the structure is the way it is
4.1a Chemical Structures
• 4
o Nucleotides are building blocks of DNA and RNA
o Made up of nitrogenous base, (deoxy)ribose sugar and phosphate group(s)
▪ Base can be purine (A,G,I) or pyrimidines (C,T,U)
▪ DNA = AGCT and RNA = AGCU (tRNA has I)
o Remember base is not building block, nucleotides are!
• 5
o Nucleoside = furanose ring (5) sugar + nitrogenous base (aromatic ring)
o Nucleotide = above + 1 or more phosphate groups (on sugar)
• 6
o Nucleotides are derivatives of purine or pyrimidines
o Purine is pyrimidine + imidazole
o N = nucleotide R = purine and Y = pyrimidine
• 7
o Purine = 2 rings and pyrimidines are 1 ring
o Hypoxanthine (I) is found in tRNA and I is deaminated form of A and binds to U
and it is critical for Wobble in RNA but it is bad in DNA
o ‘NA doest eoe doule heli due to the riose preetig that
• 8
o See ribose has been reduced at position 2 (OH → H) to make deoxyribose
• 9
o ‘iouleotide OH ad deoriouleotide has -H (reduced)
o Base liked to -C of sugar through N-glycosidic bond
o Phosphate group added at or 5 phosphoester od to reate hole
nucleotide
• 10
o Have to specify how many phosphates in name with nucleoside
o Nuleotides hae phosphate groups added at 5-O or -O
• 11/12
o See ho ases hage ae if oleule oud to N of the ase is H add ie
eept urail, riose add sie or die ad riose phosphate take ae ith
ribose + mono/di/tri phosphate)
o Same for deoxy with H but if now deoxyribose name changes
▪ If deoxyribose phosphate AMP now names dAMP
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Document Summary
4. 1: dna replication, rna transcription (dna rna) and translation (rna protein, thermodynamics explain why the structure is the way it is. Involved in lipid biosynthesis: 19 utp, u as the base and ribo instead of deoxyribo again. In redox reactions like nad: 23 coa, base, sugar a(cid:374)d a = it(cid:859)s a (cid:374)u(cid:272)leotide (cid:271)ut coa has lots of stuff atta(cid:272)hed to (cid:1006) phosphate. Involved in oxidation of pyruvate and fatty acid oxidation. In cytosol and diffuse into nucleus: purine ribonuceotides builds i on site on r5p to make imp which can be converted to amp and gmp, puri(cid:374)e deo(cid:454)(cid:455)ri(cid:271)o(cid:374)u(cid:272)leotides (cid:271)ut (cid:449)e do(cid:374)(cid:859)t (cid:374)eed dimp so o(cid:374)l(cid:455) (cid:373)ake datp a(cid:374)d dgtp. To get this redu(cid:272)e sugar at (cid:1006)(cid:859) fro(cid:373) oh h: 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, r5p imp (inosine monophosphate) (nucleotide, r5p activated by atp to make prpp and becomes backbone to build imp. 4. 1: 34 pyrimidine synthesis (single ring) (u c t)
