BMB 401 Lecture Notes - Lecture 2: Disaccharide, Mutarotation, Anomer

• School: University of Miami
• Department: Biochemistry and Molecular Biology
• Course: BMB 401
• Professor: Farooq

Document Summary

They differ on whether the carbonyl group is an aldehyde (aldose) or a ketone (ketose). They can both be further classified based on the number of c atoms they harbor also. Nucleophilic attach of hydroxyl o atom on carbonyl c atom leads to hemiacetals and hemitketals. Because of this reactivity, monosaccharides usually exist in cyclic forms (5 or 6 membered rings). In this cyclic form, carbonyl and hydroxyl atoms come together to form hemiacetal (from aldoses) or hemiketal (from ketoses). For instance the linear form of glucose spontaneously switches to the cyclic form. The same process accurs with fructose as the carbonyl o of the ketone is attacked by the hydroxyl group of the assymetric c furthest away from the aomeric c. this leads toa 5 membered ring called a furanose. A haworth projection is the 3d representation of the stereochemical configurations of cyclic forms of monosaccharides as seen above in the furan and pyran rings.