ACBS 160D1 Lecture Notes - Lecture 30: Even-Toed Ungulate, Frontal Bone, Fertile Crescent
17 Oct 2016
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3. 5 mya in southeast asia where they began. Later spread across world, southwest n. america, more euro area, etc. Unlike goats or sheep, can"t live everywhere. Need water and shade because they lack sweat glands almost entirely. Wild>anthropophily>habituation>commensalism and partnership>captive animal control and intensive breeding>commercial breeds and pets. Began relationship with humans as opportunistic scavengers feeding on human refuge in the initial year-round settlements in the more forested parts of the central fertile crescent. Two settlement sites in the middle east: Bones show they hunted wild goats, sheep and pigs; male bias in slaughter of pigs goats and sheep; and young pigs slaughtered predominantly; pig bones are intermediate in size between wild and domestic. They ate a lot of sheep, goat, pig, and bear, even some wild deer. Indicator of pig domestication is a reduction in molar length (like with dogs) and reduced snout--caused by neotenization of skull morphology.
