ATH 1061 Lecture Notes - Lecture 12: Fecal Incontinence, Airway Obstruction, Urinary Retention
Emergency Procedures
Chapter 12
I. Emergency Action Plan
• All sports programs/facilities must have an Emergency Action Plan (EAP)
• Should be able to be implemented immediately
• Anyone providing care must act in a reasonable and prudent manner
• Develop for all facilities
• Establish specific procedures and policies regarding equipment removal
• Phones are readily accessible
• Familiarize with community based emergency health care plan
• Accessibility to patient (keys/locks)
• Meet with all personnel to go over plan
• Team Approach- coach, players, AT
• Emergency Plan
• Display Confidence
• Offer Reassurance
• Make Accurate Assessment
• Equipment Considerations
Principles of on-the Field Assessment
II. Primary Survey- Asses life threatening situations: Airway, breathing,
circulation---establish presence or absence
• Secondary Survey- performed after life-threatening injuries have been
ruled out--- recognize vital signs!—look for other injury
• Emergency Procedures:
o You have a person who is unconscious and non responsive
o After you call 911 what would you consider to be your next action
o Begin CPR
o Monitor vital signs
o Go wait for the ambulance
o Observe person until ambulance arrives
Airway- open or not?
Breathing-can you see chest rise and fall? Feel breath?
Circulation- pulse
Profuse bleeding
Shock
III. Dealing with an Unconscious Patient- conscious or not? Airway
obstruction?
IV. Shock/Syncope (fainting)-are they?
• Generally occurs with severe bleeding, fracture, or internal injuries
• Results of decrease in blood in circulatory system
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• Symptoms: decreased BP, weak rapid pulse, respiration is shallow/rapid,
moist/pale/cold/clammy skin, drowsy & appear sluggish, urinary retention
and fecal incontinence, irritability or excitement, potentially thirsty
• Types of Shock
o Hypovolemic- decreased blood volume resulting in poor oxygen
transport—trauma with blood loss is cause
o Respiratory-lungs unable to supply enough O2 to circulating
blood—pneumothorax/collapsed lung is cause
o Neurogenic- caused by general vessel dilation which does not
allow typical 6 liters of blood to fill system, decreasing O2
transport--- vessel expansion is cause
o Cardiogenic- inability of heart to pump enough blood
o Psychogenic-temporary dilation of vessels reducing blood flow to
brain—syncope or fainting
o Septic- where toxins cause smaller vessels to dilate---bacterial
infection is cause
o Anaphylactic-result of sever allergic reaction—bee
stings/allergies is cause (epi pen treats it)
o Metabolic- occurs when illness goes untreated or when extensive
fluid loss occurs—Diabetes
• Shock Management
o Maintain core body temperature-cover them
o Elevate feet and legs 8-12” above heart—only if AT suspects there
is no neck/back injury--- if that is the case DO NOT
o Positioning may need to be modified due to injury
o Keep athlete calm
o Limit onlookers
o Reassure athlete
o Do not give anything by mouth until instructed by physician
V. Recognize Vital Signs- breathing/respirations, pulse, and BP
• Secondary Survey Vitals:
o Level of consciousness- must always be assessed,
alertness/awareness of environment, as well as response relative to
vocal stimulation, head injury/heat stroke/ diabetic coma can alter
athlete’s level or consciousness
▪ AVPU Scale
• Alert- signifies that the patient is alert, awake,
responsive to voice, & oriented to person, place ,or
time---Ex: I am at the grocery store
• Verbal- signified that the patient responds to voice,
but is not fully oriented to person, place, or time---
Ex: I do not know where I am
• Pain- signifies that the patient doe not respond to
voice, but does respond to painful stimulus---Ex:
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