BIOL 1081 Lecture Notes - Lecture 12: Photophosphorylation, Light-Independent Reactions, Atp Synthase

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copperfly323

1 Jun 2018

School

Department

Biological Sciences

Course

BIOL 1081

Professor

Dr.Mosely

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Ch. 8 LO

Pigments, Photosystems & Light reactions Reading: Sections 8.1-8.5 in textbook

1. Distinguish between autotrophs and heterotrophs.

• Autotrophs-an organism that is able to form nutritional organic substances from simple inorganic

substances

o Plants, algae, bacteria

• Heterotrophs-an organism deriving its nutritional requirements from complex substances

o Humans, animals

2. List the inputs and outputs of photosynthesis, describing their sources and how they were determined.

• Inputs- 6 CO2, 12 H2O, light

• Outputs- Glucose, 6 Water, 6 Oxygen, carbohydrate

• CO2 is reduced to glucose using E gained from the oxidation of water

• Oxidation of H2O and reduction of CO2 requires energy that is provided by light

3. Describe the basic structure of chlorophyll, explaining why it is a pigment and listing other pigments

found in photosynthetic organisms. Compare and contrast absorption and action spectra, explaining the

cause of the difference.

• Chlorophyll- absorbs protons within narrow energy ranges

• Structure

o Pigments contain a complex ring structure-porphyrin ring- with alternating 1x and 2x

bonds

o Center of ring is a magnesium atom

• Action spectrum-measure of efficiency of different wavelengths of light for photosynthesis.

o Show that relative rates of photosynthesis under different wavelengths of light, and

represents the absorption spectrum from chlorophyll A

• Absorption- the pigment that participates directly in light reactions

• Absorbs in only 2 narrow bands, but with high efficiency

4. Draw a picture of a photosystem, describing its composition, location, and function.

• See paper

• Composition-light harvesting complexes and a reaction center complex, which is a protein

complex with two special chlorophyll /a molecules and electron acceptor

• Location-thylakoid membranes

• Function-involved in photosynthesis that carry out primary photochemistry of photosynthesis: the

absorption of light and transfer of energy and electrons

5. Draw a figure comparing and contrasting the components, energetics, and function of linear and

cyclic photophosphorylation. Explain why both systems are found in the same organism.

• See paper

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Related Questions

The complete set of reactions carried out by an organism is called:

a. anabolism

b. catabolism

c. metabolism

Value: 2

The breakdown of starch is broken down to glucose is an example of:

a. anabolism

b. catabolism

c. metabolism

Value: 3

For the following statement, determine which description best describes the process: DNA is synthesized from free nucleotides.

a. anabolism

b. catabolism

c. metabolism

Value: 4

Fill in the blank: Catabolic reactions result in the synthesis of molecules of .............via cellular respiration. This is then used to power anabolic reactions.

Value: 5

The energy in organic molecules is released in a series of steps because:

a. it is not possible to release it in a single step.

b. more total energy is released in multiple steps than would be released in a single step

c. less total energy is released in multiple steps than would be released in a single step.

d. more energy can be harvested for cellular use in multiple steps than from a single step.

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

photosynthesis

1-The light reaction of photosynthesis does not include

a. chemiosmosis

b. oxygen liberation

c. glucose synthesis

d. electron transport

Value: 2

Photosynthesis takes place in the membranes of small sacs called

a. thylakoids

b. photosystems

c. stroma

d. photons

Value: 3

During what stage of photosynthesis is O2 produced?

a. the light-dependent reactions involving photosystems I and II

b. carbon fixation

c. the Krebs cycle

d. O2 is not produced during photosynthesis

Value: 4

The pigment molecules responsible for photosynthesis are located in the

a. mitochondria

b. cytoplasm of the cell

c. stroma of the chloroplast

d. thylakoid membrane of the chloroplast

Value: 5

During what stage of photosynthesis are ATP and NADPH converted to ADP + Pi and NADP+?

a. the light-dependent reactions

b. the light-independent reactions

c. both of the above

d. none of the above

Value: 6

What energy-rich organic compound is produced as a result of the Calvin cycle?

a. ATP

b. NADPH

c. glucose

d. H2O

Value: 7

During photosynthesis, photons raise electrons to higher energy levels. These excited electrons belong to what compound?

a. water

b. ATP

c. chlorophyll

d. electron transport chain

Value: 8

Which of the following statements accurately describes the relationship between photosynthesis and cellular respiration?

a. photosynthesis occurs only in autotrophs; cellular respiration occurs only in heterotrophs

b. photosynthesis uses solar energy to convert inorganics to energy-rich organics; respiration breaks down energy-rich organics to synthesize ATP

c. photosynthesis involves the oxidation of glucose; respiration involves the reduction of CO2

d. the primary function of photosynthesis is to use solar energy to synthesize ATP; the primary function of cellular respiration is to break down ATP and release energy

BIOL 1081 Lecture Notes - Lecture 12: Photophosphorylation, Light-Independent Reactions, Atp Synthase

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