ANT 101 Lecture Notes - Lecture 11: Olduvai Gorge, Homo Habilis, Mary Leakey
13 Nov 2016
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Document Summary
Australopithecines continued & emergence of home habilis and tool-making. One bipedal, upper body muscle less needed. Small brain size 428-510 cc (a. anamensis was 310-500 cc) Large back teeth & hyper-robust chewing adaptation. Some sivepithecine-ardipithecus at end of miocene epoch. Ardipithecus-early australopithecines (a. anamensis-a. afraensis- a. africanus) Early australopithecines- later australopithecines (a. boisei, a. robustus) Appearance of the hominine line probably driven by climate change, and led to change in diet. Australopithecus is first fully bipedal hominine known for certain. No bony crests on the skull (gracile) Milestones in human evolution: bipedalism, encephalization and tool manufacture, symbolic behavior, plant and animal domestication, sedentism and food production, urbanization and complexity. Post-crania similar gracile australopithecines like a. garhi. Relative reduction in face, jaw, and teeth. Brain temper and differently organized than australopithecus. Size and sexual dimorphism also similar to australopithecus afarensis and a. africanus. Associated with simple stone tools: oldowan tradition.
