ANT 101 Lecture Notes - Lecture 7: Species Problem, Reproductive Isolation, Cladogenesis
15 Sep 2017
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Document Summary
Single (or combinations of) genes code for different traits. Mendel: experimented with pea plants and studied dominant vs recessive genes. Adaptation never perfect: limited gene pool, conditions change more rapidly than rate of reproduction. Mendelian traits: controlled by single locus in the genome. Phenotype: observable traits or properties of an organism, alleles may or may not be expressed in phenotype. Individual: we are interested in transmission of traits fro parents to child. Population: we are interested in the expression of allele frequency and distribution across a population (population genetics). Gene pool: evolution defined as a heritable change in genotype that becomes effective in the gene pool of a population. Evolutionary forces: mutation, genetic drift, and gene flow. Mutation: chance alteration of genetic material, produces new variation (ultimate source of new variation). Molecular clock: rate of molecular change, often based on appearance of mutant genes within a species.
