PSY 309 Lecture Notes - Lecture 2: Reality Principle, Biology, Community Mental Health Act
24 Oct 2017
School
Department
Course
Professor
Document Summary
The biological viewpoint: mental disorders have a physical or physiological basis (griesinger) Idea flourished in the 19th century: kraepelin (1856-1926, defined syndromes based on clusters of symptoms, foundation for dsm used today. The psychological viewpoint: believed that mental disorders are caused by psychological and emotional factors, friedrich anton mesmer (1734-1815, practiced therapies that evolved into modern hypnotism, mesmer was discredited. Id - illogical; emotional; irrational - pleasure principle. Behaviorism - early 20th century: viewpoint rooted in laboratory science, focus on directly observable behaviors, also conditions that evoke, reinforce, and extinguish them, alternative explanation to psychoanalysis, offered successful procedures for treating some psychological conditions, fears. Institutionalization: by second half of 19th century hospitals had become overcrowded, treatment was inadequate. Mentally disturbed seen as organically caused and incurable. Introduction of psychotropic medications in the 1950s: lithium, tranquilizers, considered one of the great medical advances in the 20th century, many drugs made available for different disorders, resulted in depopulation of mental hospitals.
