CHM 131 Lecture Notes - Lecture 16: Orbital Hybridisation, Sigma Bond, Atomic Orbital

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Ccl4 has 4 + 4(7) = 32 valence electrons. Ccl4 has a tetrahedral arrangement of the electron pairs about the carbon atom that requires sp3 hybridization. The four sp3 hybrid orbitals from carbon are used to form the four bonds to chlorine. The chlorine atoms also have a tetrahedral arrangement of electron pairs, and we will assume that they are also sp3 hybridized. The c cl sigma bonds are all formed from overlap of sp3 hybrid orbitals from carbon with sp3 hybrid orbitals from each chlorine atom. H2co has 2(1) + 4 + 6 = 12 valence electrons. The central carbon atom has a trigonal planar arrangement of (cid:933)(cid:921)(cid:918) (cid:918)(cid:925)(cid:918)(cid:916)(cid:933)(cid:931)(cid:928)(cid:927) (cid:929)(cid:914)(cid:922)(cid:931)(cid:932) (cid:933)(cid:921)(cid:914)(cid:933) (cid:931)(cid:918)(cid:930)(cid:934)(cid:922)(cid:931)(cid:918)(cid:932) (cid:932)(cid:929)2 (cid:921)(cid:938)(cid:915)(cid:931)(cid:922)(cid:917)(cid:922)(cid:939)(cid:914)(cid:933)(cid:922)(cid:928)(cid:927). T(cid:921)(cid:918) (cid:933)(cid:936)(cid:928) c h sigma bonds are formed from overlap of the sp2 hybrid orbitals from carbon with the hydrogen 1s atomic orbitals. The double bond betwe(cid:918)(cid:927) (cid:916)(cid:914)(cid:931)(cid:915)(cid:928)(cid:927) (cid:914)(cid:927)(cid:917) (cid:928)(cid:937)(cid:938)(cid:920)(cid:918)(cid:927) (cid:916)(cid:928)(cid:927)(cid:932)(cid:922)(cid:932)(cid:933)(cid:932) (cid:928)(cid:919) (cid:928)(cid:927)(cid:918) (cid:914)(cid:927)(cid:917) (cid:928)(cid:927)(cid:918) bond.

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