ESS 101 Lecture Notes - Lecture 2: Amphibole, Sodium Chloride, Granodiorite

• School: UW
• Department: Earth and Space Sciences
• Course: ESS 101
• Professor: Swanson Terry

Document Summary

Ionic bonds form as the result of the physical transfer of electrons between a donor cation (+) and a receiver anion (-) Elements in the same column will have similar bonding properties. N, p, and metallic elements can have more than one valency state. Valency state of silicon is si4+ and for oxygen it is o2- - these are the major components of (cid:373)i(cid:374)erals co(cid:373)prisi(cid:374)g the earth"s crust a(cid:374)d upper (cid:373)a(cid:374)tle. Covalent bonds form when electrons are shared between two atoms of a molecule these bonds tend to be very strong. The relative hardness of a mineral is controlled by its composition and bond strength between its constituent atoms. Streak is one of the most diagnostic things for metallic minerals: hematite leaves a distinct reddish-brown streak on a porcelain plate. Silicon and oxygen are the do(cid:373)i(cid:374)a(cid:374)t ele(cid:373)e(cid:374)ts co(cid:373)prisi(cid:374)g the earth"s rocks, other common elements are cations with positive charges.