EPI 320 Lecture Notes - Lecture 5: Cumulative Incidence, Intermittent Energy Source, Antibody
Document Summary
Flashback: what does this diagram describe: confounding does a lot of damage to epidemiologic studies, can exaggerate a true association, can diminish/hide a true association, can create a spurious association. How does disease spread: transmission: pathogens spread from infected to uninfected individual, direct: human human, non-human animal host human, indirect: human vector human, human environment human. Patterns of disease: sporadic: single case or cluster of cases, endemic: disease occurs at expected frequency, epidemic (outbreak): disease occurs at greater than expected frequency, pandemic: international/global epidemic. Is the event unusual or unexpected: pathogen unusual/unexpected, dengue fever in the us, smallpox anywhere, timing unusual/unexpected, distribution of cases unusual, h1n1 hospitalizations vs. seasonal flu. Epidemic (outbreak: disease occurs at greater than expected frequency, commonly, outbreak is used for epidemics w smaller geographic area, we will use these words interchangeably, determinants of disease outbreaks, balance between: # infected and # not susceptible/immune. Types of outbreaks: common source: point source, continuous, intermediate, propagated.
