FISH 475 Lecture Notes - Lecture 28: Marine Mammal Protection Act, Marine Mammal, Commercial Fishing
10 Jun 2018
School
Department
Course
Professor
The Marine Mammal Protection Acct (MMPA) of 1972
Prohibits the taking and importation of marine mammal and marine mammal
products, where 'take' means to harass, feed, hunt, capture, or kill any marine
mammal, or to attempt to do so.
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However, exceptions to that prohibition may be made for:
Alaska native subsistence harvesting.
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Scientific research, public display, enhancing the survival or recovery of
the species, and incidental take in commercial fisheries.
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Waivers granted by the U.S. government.
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The primary objectives of the MMPA are to:
Prevent marine mammal species and stocks from diminishing to the point
that they are no longer a significant functioning part of their ecosystems.
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Restore …
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The Maximum Sustainable Yield is set at 60% of carrying capacity (K)
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Catch rates or "takes" are set to ensure that the population stays at or
above MSY
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Three federal entities share responsibility for implementing the MMPA:
NOAA Fisheries
Responsible for the protection of whales, dolphins, porpoises, seals,
and sea lions.
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U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service
Responsible for the protection of walrus, manatees, sea otters, and
polar bears
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Marine Mammal Commission
Provides independent, science-based oversight of domestic and
international policies and actions of federal agencies addressing
human impacts on marine mammals and their ecosystems.
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Strategies for implementing the MMPA: Reduction of Bycatch
Reducing "serious injury and mortality" of marine mammals incidental to
commercial fishing to insignificant levels is a key goal of the Marine
Mammal Protection Act
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A serious injury is defined as…
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Potential Biological Removal Level
Definition: The maximum number of individuals from a marine mammal
stock that can be removed and still allow the stock to achieve it's
optimum sustainable population level or MSY
PBR = Nmin * 0.5 Rmax * Fr
Nmin = minmum □
Rmax = maximum□
Fr = recovery factor□
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Goals of Take Reduction Plans
Short-term Goal
To reduce, within 6 months of implementation,…
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Long-term Goal:
To reduce, within 5 years of implementation, the incidental SI/M to
insignificant levels, taking into account economics, availability of
existing technology, and existing state or regional FMPs.
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Take Reduction Teams (TRT)
Team members are appointed based on expertise in the conservation or
biology of the stocks addressed by the Plan or the fishing practices that
result in SI/M of those stocks
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Consists of an equitable balance among resource users and non-users
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NMRS' role is to convene the TRT, support deliberations, and provide
technical analysis and expertise.
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If the Team cannot come to consensus on a Take Reduction Plan, NMRS
can implement its own Plan.
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Final Exam
Short answer/mulitple choice/True or False/Fill in the blank questions
Short (1-2 sentences) essay questions
Medium length (1-2 paragraphs) essay questions
Potential Test Material:
If there are lists of general characteristics of orders, suborders, or families of
animals, I would spend some time getting to know these…
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No questions on marine mammal evolution
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Taxonomy
Major differences in skull and tooth morpohology
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What would you use to ID a marine mammal in the field
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Distance Sampling:
What are the essential assumptions of this type of analysis?
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What sources of error (bias) could effect your results?
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Acoustics:
How odontocetes produce and hear sound
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How/why pinnipeds, mysticetes, and odontocetes use sound differently (social
structure)
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Biogeography
Food availabiltiy/foraging - most important part of fine-scale distribution
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Adaptations:
Thermo-regulation
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Diving:
Pressure, oxygen, decompression illness
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Lecture 28: Marine Mammalogy Management
Overview & Review for Final
Friday, June 1, 2018
9:32 AM
Document Summary
The marine mammal protection acct (mmpa) of 1972. Prohibits the taking and importation of marine mammal and marine mammal products, where "take" means to harass, feed, hunt, capture, or kill any marine mammal, or to attempt to do so. However, exceptions to that prohibition may be made for: Scientific research, public display, enhancing the survival or recovery of the species, and incidental take in commercial fisheries. The primary objectives of the mmpa are to: Prevent marine mammal species and stocks from diminishing to the point that they are no longer a significant functioning part of their ecosystems. The maximum sustainable yield is set at 60% of carrying capacity (k) Catch rates or takes are set to ensure that the population stays at or above msy. Three federal entities share responsibility for implementing the mmpa: Responsible for the protection of whales, dolphins, porpoises, seals, and sea lions. Responsible for the protection of walrus, manatees, sea otters, and polar bears.
