BIS 2A Lecture Notes - Lecture 19: Nucleic Acid Double Helix, Pentose, Nitrogenous Base
Document Summary
Nucleic acids and dna (see section on nucleic acids from lecture 5) Nucleotide structure: composed of phosphate, pentose, square and nitrogenous base. Nucleoside consists of nitrogenous base attached to pentose square but without phosphate attached. Punnes include adenine (a) and guanine (g), two carbon nitrogen rings. Pyrimidines include cytosine (c), uraul (u) and thymine (t), one carbon nitrogen ring. Genome: a(cid:374) orga(cid:374)is(cid:373)"s (cid:272)o(cid:373)plete (cid:272)olle(cid:272)tio(cid:374) of herita(cid:271)le i(cid:374)for(cid:373)atio(cid:374) stored i(cid:374) dna. Differe(cid:374)t ge(cid:374)o(cid:373)es ha(cid:448)e differe(cid:374)t ge(cid:374)e de(cid:374)sity, or the a(cid:373)ou(cid:374)t of (cid:862)spa(cid:272)e(cid:863) (cid:271)et(cid:449)ee(cid:374) ge(cid:374)es. Frequency of protein coding regions versus non-protein coding regions differs across spaces: non-protein coding regions dominate in humans/plants, protein coding regions dominate in bacteria. Annotation identifies features of genomes: structural annotation identifies gene structure, coding versus non-coding regions, functional annotation identifies biological function, regulation and expression, and interactions of genes. Changes to genome structure: mutations occur during dna replication or result from harmful chemical or radiation, usually create changes in single nucleotides.
