BIS 2A Lecture Notes - Lecture 15: Start Codon, Methionine, Transfer Rna

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29 Apr 2019

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Methionine is the universal start amino acid, exceptions can be different codons can code for methionine, but the start is always methionine. Stop codons do not code for amino acids, it just stops. Six ways to read dna - alternate reading frames. Narrow it down by knowing which side is 5" and which side is 3" Narrow it down with the start and stop codons. Hiv uses alternate reading frames to make multiple proteins from a single strand, eukaryotes do not do this trna. Creates the link between the amino acid and the codon, this is where translation happens. Enzyme charges trna by adding amino acid to trna, uses atp as energy source. To put one amino acid onto one trna, we need one atp. Energy for elongation comes from gtp (2 gtps per amino acid) Proteins are labeled with signal peptides to send around the cell. Signal sequence - address tag or zip codes.

Related Questions

22. There are 20 amino acids and 64 possible codons. Which of the following is closer to the actual number of different tRNA molecules in a cell?

A. 4

B. 16

C. 20

D. 61

E. 64

23. There are 20 amino acids and 64 possible codons. How many different eukaryotic aminoacyltRNA synthetases are there? A. 1

B. 16

C. 20

D. 61

E. 64

24. Which way are the amino acid and tRNA attached in a charged tRNA?

A. Amino acid-5'tRNA3'-AMP B

. Amino acid-AMP-3'tRNA

C. AMP-amino acid-3'tRNA

D. Amino acid-3'tRNA5'-AMP

E. Amino acid-AMP-5'tRNA

25. The anticodon that recognizes the initiation codon in translation is

A. 5' AUG 3'

B. 3' AUG 5'

C. 5' ACU 3'

D. 5' UAC 3'

E. 3' UAC 5'

26. The first amino acid incorporated into a growing polypeptide

A. In bacteria is methionine and it is also methionine in eukaryotes

B. In bacteria is tryptophan, while it is methionine in eukaryotes

C. In bacteria is N-formyl methionine, while it is methionine in eukaryotes

D. In bacteria is N-formyl methionine and it is also N-formyl methionine in eukaryotes

E. In bacteria is methionine, while it is N-formyl methionine in eukaryotes

27. In E. coli the IF3 forces tRNAf Met to bind with

A. The A site of the ribosome

B. The P site of the ribosome

C. The E site of the ribosome

D. IF1

E. IF2

What are codons, the genetic code, redundancy, and reading frames?

What are the important structural features of a tRNA?

What is the relationship between the number of possible codons, amino acids, and tRNAs?

What is tRNA charging? What is the enzyme responsible for tRNA charging?

What are ribosomes made of? What are the roles of the large and small subunit? What are the E, P, and A sites? What is the function of the rRNAs?

What are the steps in translation including initiation, elongation, and termination? What are the roles of the initiator tRNA, translation initiation factors, EF-Tu/EF1, EF-G/EF2, and release factors?

What is the match between a codon and tRNA proofread?

What is a polysome?

What do proteasomes, ubiquitin, and proteases have to do with protein degradation (proteolysis)?

1. _________________________ is the name of the process that produces proteins using RNA molecules.

a.Transcription

b Translation

c. Replication

d. Mutagenesis

2. The peptide bonding site on the ribosome:

a. A site

b. P site

c. E site

d. D site

3. The name given to the bond formed between two amino acids.

a. Hydrogen bond

b. Double bond

c. Peptide bond

d. Negative bond

4. __________________________ is the movement of the mRNA molecule on the ribosome to open up the A-site for the new incoming amino acid.

a. Transformation

b. Mutation

c. Translocation

d. Initiation

5. What does the term semi-conservative mean.

a. Replication of RNA is semi-conservative, each new strand consists of one old strand of RNA and one new strand of RNA.

b. Replication of DNA is semi-conservative, each new strand consists of one old strand of DNA and one new strand of DNA.

c. Replication of DNA is semi-conservative, each new strand consists of new strands of nucleotides.

d. Transcription of RNA is semi conservative.

6. This molecule functions during protein synthesis to recognize the codon and bring the proper amino acid back to the ribosome for translation.

a. mRNA

b. tRNA

c. rRNA

d. DNA polymerase

7. What is meant by the base-pairing rule.

a. Bases on a single strand of DNA are always found as pairs

b. Adenine always base pairs with guanine; cytosine with thymine

c. Adenine always base pairs with thymine; cytosine with guanine

d. Bases on a single strand of RNA are found in pair.

8. In this step of protein synthesis, amino acids are added to a growing polypeptide chain.

a. Initiation.

b. Elongation.

c. Termination.

d. Transpiration.

9. Three complementary bases found in a mRNA are called ____________________.

a. Anti-codon.

b. Triplet.

c. Doublet.

d. Codons.

10. Which statement best describes the job or function of the messenger RNA.

a. Carries the map of the gene sequence in the form of codons to the cytoplasm

for translation of the protein.

b. It transfers amino acids to the ribosome for protein synthesis.

c. It forms the ribosomes.

d. It helps replicate DNA.

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BIS 2A Lecture Notes - Lecture 15: Start Codon, Methionine, Transfer Rna

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