BIS 2C Lecture Notes - Lecture 28: Symmetry In Biology, Hydrostatic Skeleton, Triploblasty

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goldspider140

27 Apr 2018

School

UC-Davis

Department

Biological Sciences

Course

BIS 2C

Professor

Clare Casteel, Neelima Sinha, Phil Ward

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Characteristics

Triploblastic construction

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Bilateral symmetry

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Anterior and posterior axis

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Cephalization

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Animal Development - Triploblastic

Cleavage: early stages of cell division after zygote formation,

2 Types of Cleavage

Radial (ancestral): cells divide parallel the animal vegetal axis (even layers)

Spiral: cell divides at oblique angle and new cells lie in the furrow of the last few

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Triploblastic

Complete gut formed from gastrula (blastopore) and body cavity

coelom (fluid filled cavity surrounded by mesoderm) becomes a hydrostatic skeleton

Mesoderm: source of organs and organ systems

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Fate of blastopores differs in Bilatera

Protostome: blastopore becomes mouth and anus second

Deuterostomes: blastopore becomes anus and then some where else mouth

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Protostomes

Mesoderm forms near lip of blastopore

Coelom formed by splitting of mesoderm

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Deuterostomes

Mesoderm and coelom form from out-pocketing of gut wall

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Different Outcomes of Triploblastic Organisms in Regards to Plan of Development

Protostomes: mesoderm forms at blastopore lip

Acoelomate Plan: mesoderm fills blastocoel

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Pseudocoelomate Plan: mesoderm lines just one side of the blastocoel

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Schizocoelous Plan: band of mesoderm surrounds gut and splits open

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Deuterostomes

Enterocoelous Plan: mesodermal pouches surround gut

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Bilateral Symmetry

Segmentation, increased sensory and locomotor ability

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Net Diversification of Clade is a function of speciation rate and extinction rate

Clades of Bilatera

Flatworms (Platyhelminthes)

Includes tapeworms, flukes, flatworms, nematodes

Nematodes or roundworms

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Sheep liver fluke - three hosts sheep snail ant

Parasite- induced behavior modification

Fluke eggs shed in feces

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Snail eats and gets infected, ant infected by snail slime

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Fluke larvae migrate to ant brain and changes behavior

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Ant climbs up vegetation where sheep graze

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Bilateria (28)

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Document Summary

Cleavage: early stages of cell division after zygote formation, Radial (ancestral): cells divide parallel the animal vegetal axis (even layers) Spiral: cell divides at oblique angle and new cells lie in the furrow of the last fe. Complete gut formed from gastrula (blastopore) and body cavity coelom (fluid filled cavity surrounded by mesoderm) becomes a hydrostatic ske. Deuterostomes: blastopore becomes anus and then some where else mouth. Mesoderm and coelom form from out-pocketing of gut wall. Different outcomes of triploblastic organisms in regards to plan of development. Pseudocoelomate plan: mesoderm lines just one side of the blastocoel. Schizocoelous plan: band of mesoderm surrounds gut and splits open. Segmentation, increased sensory and locomotor ability last few tic skeleton pment. Net diversification of clade is a function of speciation rate and extinction rate. Sheep liver fluke - three hosts sheep snail ant. Snail eats and gets infected, ant infected by snail slime. Fluke larvae migrate to ant brain and changes behavior.

Related Questions

1. Which of the following is NOT true of mycorrhizae?

A) This groupâs name means âfungus rootsâ

B) Plant roots provide mutualistic mycorrhizae with organic nutrients

C) Mycorrhizal fungi may form a mutualistic symbiosis with plants

D) Mycorrhizal fungi provide plants with organic nutrients absorbed from the soil

2. Which of the following terms is INCORRECTLY defined or identified?

A) saprobic fungi-eukaryotic heterotrophs which absorb their nutrients from living organisms

B) plasmogamy-the union of the cytoplasms of two parent mycelia

C) dikaryon-the stage in fungal sexual reproduction in which hyphae contain pairs of haploid nuclei of opposing mating types

D) zygosporangia-the environmentally resistant dikaryotic stage of the Zygomycota

3. In the Kingdom Fungi,

A) a mycelium is a body formed of a network of hyphae

B) a haploid multicellular form alternates with a diploid multicellular form

C) coenocytic hyphae have multiple cross-walls with large pores

D) cell walls are reinforced with proteins similar to collagen

4. Which of the following groups is INCORRECTLY matched with a structure for asexual reproduction?

A) Zygomycota-sporangium(sporangia)

B) Yeast-budding off of new yeast cells

C) Basidiomycota-basidium(basidia)

5. Select the TRUE statement about animal development:

A) Deuterostome development is indeterminate

B) Mesoderm in protostomes arises as outpocketings of the primitive gut

C) In deuterostomes, the blastopore ultimately becomes the mouth of the adult

D) Radial cleavage is characteristic of protostome development

E) All of the above are true

azurecricket62

1)Mushrooms and other fungi were once lumped in with the plant kingdom. Modern science has separated them into their own kingdom. Kingdom Fungi is distinguished from Kingdom Plantae by the fact that unlike plants fungi.

A)grow a haploid multicellular form from a haploid spore

B)have no cell walls

C)grow, rather than locomote, toward resources

D)are absorptive heterotrophs.

E)have no haploid multicellular stage

2)Members of the Kingdom Fungi are easily distinguished from the Kingdom Plantae because the Fungi

A)Do not have photosynthtic pigments.

B)Are mostly not adapted for living on land

C)Do not have cell walls

D)are primarily unicellular

E)All the above

3)Which of the following would NOT be part of a lichen?

A)chlorophytes

B) zygosporangia

C) basidiocarps

D)Soredia

E)Asci

4)The process of metamorphosis transforms a ______ into a ______________.

A)larva; sexually mature adult

B) blastopore;mouth

C)pseudocoelom; true coelom

D)zygote;blastula

E)blastula;gastrula

5)Which of the following tissues or structures could NOT be derived from ectoderm?

A) all but the digestive tract of a jellyfsh

B) all thin skin of a platyhelminth

C)the brain of a squid

D) the muscles of a nematode

E)your epidermis

6)Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of the phylum Platyhelminthes?

A) true mesodermal tissue

B) cephalization involving concentration of nerve ganglia

C) gas and water exchange is across the thin body wall

D) free living and parasitic form

E) segmentation

7)A triploblastic animal in which the fluid?filled body cavity is only partially lined (lined on one side) with mesodermal tissue is referred to as:

A)coelomate

B)deuterostome

C)acoelomate

D)protostome

E)pseudocoelomate

8)Which of the following groups are diploblastic animals?

A)corals

B) sponges

C) comb jellies

D) a and b

E) a and c

9)Animals that actively move in a unidirectional fashion through their environment would be expected to exhibit which of the following characteristics?

A) bilateral symmetry

B) sponges

C) comb jellies

D) a and b

E) a and c

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BIS 2C Lecture Notes - Lecture 28: Symmetry In Biology, Hydrostatic Skeleton, Triploblasty

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