PSC 140 Lecture Notes - Lecture 4: Epidural Space, Episiotomy, Pethidine
9 May 2019
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Dilation and effacement (cervix dilates from 0-7 cm) Transition (cervix dilates from 7 to 10 cm contractions every 2 minutes and last for 1 to 1. 5 minutes!) Pushing (baby pushed from uterus through cervix into vagina contractions about 1 minute apart and last almost 1 minute) Analgesics reduce perception of pain e. g. , demerol. Anesthetics dull pain e. g. , epidural used in about 50-80% births; anesthetic is injected into the epidural space near spinal cord, temporarily numbing lower body. Surgical intervention episiotomy (cutting of perineum) c-section (approx. Helps mother rest, relax, and enjoy birth more. Maternal fever, low blood pressure, vomiting, dehydration, severe headache. Confined to bed catheter in spine blood pressure monitor catheter in bladder . Can slow down labor (increased need for pitocin) Increased risk vacuum extraction, forceps, or c-section. Rates in the u. s. : ~32% of births in 2016 ~ 33% of births in 2014 ~20% of births in 1996 . ~5% of births in 1970 increased 60% between 1996-2014.
