ANTHRO 128B Lecture Notes - Jim Crow Laws, Louis Agassiz, Peninsulars
Bartolomé de las Casas believed that the Native Americans were natural children; it's wrong that Spaniards are treating them that way
Luis de Carvajal leader of underground Jewish leader in New Spain
Carl Linnaeus father of modern taxonomy (system of scientific classification) // binomial nomenclature
Caucasian (white)
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Mongolian (yellow)
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Malayan (brown)
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Ethiopian (black)
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American (red)
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Johann Blumenbach believed that there were five races
Human races are separate species
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Education tailored to innate ability
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Louis Agassiz leading supporter of polygenesis
Measured skulls with seed/lead shot
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All skull sizes weren't too different from each other; errors favored prejudices
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Large discrepancies for measurements; whites > indians > blacks
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Credited for establishing blacks as inferior race in 1851
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Samuel George Morton polygenist that focused on brain size as indicator for race
Stephen Jay Gould author of Mismeasurement of Man; reanalyzes data to determine the flaws/errors in determining racial differences
black people were degenerating; were less healthy but didn't include poverty
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Put together statistics about differing health between races
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Frederick Hoffman came up with the Extinction Theory; was a statistician
Female/male anatomy and physiology are fundamentally different
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Dictate roles in society; not equal but complement each other
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Engagement in mental work = enfeebled race
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Women have special functions; work as mothers and nurse children
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'Sex in the Mind and Education'
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Henry Maudsley degenerationist, naturalized gender inequality
Elizabeth Garrett Anderson doctor and women's rights activist in England; criticized Maudsley's ideas
Krao colored bearded lady; believed to be the 'missing link' in evolution --> questioned if human
Viola M. white bearded lady; believed to be diseased and was questioned if female
Robert Knox 'The Races of Men'; in human history race is everything (WHITES DOMINATE WORLD)
Charles Darwin evolution theory --> social darwinism, sexual selection
Alfred Russel Wallace naturalist that worked with Darwin on joint paper about evolution
Population increases more rapidly than resources; not everyone will survive
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Poverty = poor having too many children
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Aiding unfit may undermine improvement of race
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Thomas Malthus wrote 'Essay on Population'
Challenged dominant/submissive terms of male and female
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Gender is learned; not biologically innate
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Margaret Mead believed that biological difference wasn't enough to explain variation in gender behavior across cultures
Sojourner Truth abolitionist and women's rights activist who escaped slavery (ain't I a woman)
Used to rationalize social inequities
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Social Spencerism: social competition between fit an unfit groups of individuals
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Herbert Spencer 'survival of the fittest'
Wanted to breed out certain inferior characteristics through sterilization
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Set up the body alone as the source and vehicle of inheritance
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Francis Galton created the term Eugenics = proposed breeding programs to make inferior races disappear // also started quantification of cha racteristics
Gregor Mendel discovered the inheritance patterns of traits, Mendelian traits
Feeble-mindedness in an inherited trait
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Henry Goddard observed a family based on their feeble-mindedness (mental defectives); wrote about the Kallikak Family
Alfred Binet invented the IQ test to determine intelligence
Human races can be ranked in linear scale of mental worth
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Paul Broca exemplary scientist who had belief that there was relationship between development of intelligence and volume of brain
MIDTERM STUDY GUIDE
Sunday, February 4, 2018
8:47 PM
STUDY GUIDE Page 1
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Document Summary
Bartolom de las casas believed that the native americans were natural children; it"s wrong that spaniards are treating them that way. Luis de carvajal leader of underground jewish leader in new spain. Carl linnaeus father of modern taxonomy (system of scientific classification) // binomial nomenclature. Johann blumenbach believed that there were five races. Samuel george morton polygenist that focused on brain size as indicator for race. Large discrepancies for measurements; whites > indians > blacks. All skull sizes weren"t too different from each other; errors favored prejudices. Credited for establishing blacks as inferior race in 1851. Stephen jay gould author of mismeasurement of man; reanalyzes data to determine the flaws/errors in determining racial differences. Frederick hoffman came up with the extinction theory; was a statistician. Put together statistics about differing health between races black people were degenerating; were less healthy but didn"t include poverty. Dictate roles in society; not equal but complement each other.
