BIO SCI 94 Lecture 8: Lecture 8

• School: UC-Irvine
• Department: Biological Sciences
• Course: BIO SCI 94
• Professor: Nancy Burley

Document Summary

Lateral gene transfer means that genes move between distantly related species. Lateral gene transfer - bacteria can acquire genes from each other and from the environment. Mitochondrion evolved by endosymbiosis of aerobic bacteria and anaerobic protist. Audio recording started: 5:06 pm tuesday, february 7, 2017 bacteria and anaerobic protist. Evidence about structure of mitochondria consistent with hypothesis of endosymbiosis. Genome -- similar in form and gene sequences to bacteria. H: alveolata, euglenids, and stramenopila obtained chloroplasts by secondary endosymbiosis. P: four membranes (two typical of cyanobacteria, one from primary endosymbiosis, one from secondary endosymbiosis. P: inner membranes like cyanobacteria, outer 2 membranes eukaryotic. Early protists acquired mitochondria from alpha proteobacteria & chloroplasts from cyanobacteria. Subsequently, protist lineages have diverged in photosynthetic pigments used (plastids) Mitochondria and chloroplast would not have evolved if early protists were heterotrophic by ingesting other organisms. Some offspring more resistant to parasites that infected parents. B/c parasites evolve faster than hosts, parasites are constantly changing.