BIO SCI 9A Lecture Notes - Lecture 5: Chylomicron, Offal, Cholecystokinin
6 Sep 2016
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The Lipids
Outline: Lipids
Fatty acids and triglycerides
Phospholipids and sterols
Metabolism of lipids
Lipids in the body
Guidelines to groceries
Lipids
Lipids in foods and the human body fall into 3 classes
oTriglycerides
oPhospholipids
oSterols
Roles of Triglycerides in the Body
Insulation
Shock protection
Energy reserved when stored
Carbohydrate and protein used efficiently
Essential fatty acids help me EPA and DHA – important for the brain, eyes, and
heart
Saturated Fatty Acids
Carry the maximum number of hydrogen atoms
Solid at room temperature
More resistant to oxidation
Saturated fats are found in animal products such as butter, cheese, whole milk, ice
cream, cream, and fatty meats, and oils such as coconut, palm, and palm kernel oil
Unsaturated Fatty Acids
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Lack hydrogen atoms and have at least one double bond – “point of unsaturation”
Monounsaturated fatty acids
oOne double bond
Polyunsaturated fatty acids
oAt least two or more double bonds
oLiquid at room temperature
Essential Fatty Acids
Omega
oRefers to position of the first double bond
Omga-3 Fatty Acid
oLocation of double bond in the third position
oExample is linolenic acid
oOmega-3 fatty acids are found in oily fish like salmon and flaxseed and
canola oils
Omega-6 Fatty Acid
oLocation of double bond in the sixth position
oExample is linoleic acid
oOmega-6 fatty oils are found in eggs, poultry, soybean oil
Cannot be made by the body
oLinoleic Acid and the Omega-6 Family
Can make arachidonic acid, which is a conditionally essential fatty
acid
Supplied by vegetable oils and meats
oLinolenic Acid and the Omega-3 Family
Must be supplied by food
Can make EPA (elcosapentaenoic acid) and DHA (docosahexaenoic
acid), important for eyes, brain, and the heart
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Document Summary
Lipids in foods and the human body fall into 3 classes: triglycerides, phospholipids, sterols. Essential fatty acids help me epa and dha important for the brain, eyes, and heart. Saturated fats are found in animal products such as butter, cheese, whole milk, ice cream, cream, and fatty meats, and oils such as coconut, palm, and palm kernel oil. Lack hydrogen atoms and have at least one double bond point of unsaturation . Monounsaturated fatty acids: one double bond. Polyunsaturated fatty acids: at least two or more double bonds, liquid at room temperature. Omega: refers to position of the first double bond. Omga-3 fatty acid: location of double bond in the third position, example is linolenic acid, omega-3 fatty acids are found in oily fish like salmon and flaxseed and canola oils. Omega-6 fatty acid: location of double bond in the sixth position, example is linoleic acid, omega-6 fatty oils are found in eggs, poultry, soybean oil.
