BIO SCI E182 Lecture Notes - Sinoatrial Node, Aorta, Pulmonary Circulation
2 Mar 2014
School
Department
Course
Professor
Document Summary
Cardiac output (volume/time i. e. ml/time)= stroke volume (ml/beat or contraction) x heart rate (contractions or beats/min) Pressure vs. volume graph (circle one) that discusses stroke volume and how to find the stroke volume from that graph. Cardiac output may be modified by neural input. An antagonist to norepinephrine at beta 1- adrenergic receptors (so will block increase in heart rate by sympathetic stimulation) Skeletal muscle amount of force that can be generated by the skeletal muscle is a function of sarcomere length: tension is a direct relationship between the number of crossbridges. Cardiac muscles undergo different length changes b/c of differences in geometry of the sarcomere generates much larger range in maximal force. Cardiac output is a function of heart rate and stroke volume. Heart rate is determined by rate of depolarization in authorhythmic cells: increased b/c of sympathetic input and epinephrine, decreased b/c of parasympathetic input.
