PSY BEH 101D Lecture Notes - Lecture 11: Psych, Hemoglobin, Shyness
31 May 2018
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EXAM 1 : STUDY GUIDE
• Lifespan Development: (aka developmental science) what causes people to change or
remain the same over time
o People: of all ages (infants, children, adults,)
o Changes:
• Over childhood/troupes = working memory/how much information we can hold
in our head at one time that improves until 15/16 then stables and remains the
same until later in life, which drops
• Personality: fairly stable
• Developmental theories: explain why/how people change or stay the same
o Early Development v. Lifespan Approach
• Early Development:
▪ Early life experiences/early development key
▪ Some theoretical models focus on early development ~ 20y
• Saw development, experiences, biological processes <20y = the
most critical in shifts in changes in outcomes
▪ Piaget's theory of cognitive development & Freud's psychanalytical
personality development
• Lifespan Development:
▪ All phases of life into account/see different experiences in
childhood/adolescents/adulthood = fundamentally important to
outcomes & their complexities
▪ The "Multis" (complexities)
• Multidirectionality: Development doesn't all occur in the same
direction/rate (not about growth - some things decline)
• Working memory: (info/phone numbers) can remember
more and then it declines with old age
• Neuronal growth: rapid decline of growth after age 2
(pruning)
• Multicontextual:
• Different systems of influence (teenager graffiti example)
• Microsystem: family/school/neighborhood/church
• Mesosystem: extended family/relatives
• Exosystem: family friends/government
• Macrosystem: attitudes, beliefs, heritage of culture
• Multicultural:
• Culture: system of shared beliefs, values, expectations that
are appropriate/expected
• Ethnicity: belonging to a social group with common cultural or
national history (social construction/not direct outcome of
biology): Asian/Whites
• Race: Label used to categorize physical appearance (social
construction): Vietnamese/Greek
• Co-Sleeping: when parents have infant in their own bed
• Increases risk of SIDS (sudden infant death
syndrome) where babies stop breathing
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Document Summary
Some theoretical models focus on early development ~ 20y. Saw development, experiences, biological processes <20y = the most critical in shifts in changes in outcomes: piaget"s theory of cognitive development & freud"s psychanalytical personality development. Increases risk of sids (sudden infant death syndrome) where babies stop breathing: debate of other factors such as non- smoking/smoking/post-partum (risk factors, approx. Ferberizing: let child cry it out (considered child abuse in some countries) Sleep affects relationships, breast-feeding, bonding, marriage: multidisciplinary, not exclusive to one field, ex: clinical levels of depression (esp. in girls) Serotonin levels (neuroscientists: nutrition (dietarians, education/academics (educationalism, early psych. Relationships/puberty (psychologists: trauma exposure (clinical psychologists, culture (anthropologists, nature v. nurture, extent of innate/inborn vs experiential, not just one or the other, personality: Shyness: (8m stress hormone [glucocorticoid cortisol] levels in unfamiliar location: murderers (hardwired to kill): biology of brain and genetics [raine, deprivation: trauma, non-deprived murderer brain = different from normal control.
