PUBHLTH 1 Lecture Notes - Lecture 20: World Health Organization, Low Birth Weight, Repetitive Strain Injury
Groups at risk for injuries - Injuries are the leading cause of death among people ages one to
44. Higher injury rates in groups with lower SES. Males have higher injury rates than females.
Blacks have higher injury rates than whites.
injury pyramid - Bottom to Top:1.) Injuries treated outside the health system, not treated,or
not reported 2.) Injuries resulting in visits to primary care facilities 3.) Injuries resulting in visits
to emergency departments 4.) Injuries resulting in hospitalizations5.) Fatal injuries
primary, secondary, & tertiary prevention of accidents - Primary: Prevent Disease.
Conditions prevailing before the event. For example, alcohol, anger, defective breaks, dark, rain.
Secondary: Minimize the severity of the disease. Conditions prevailing during the event. For
example, airbag, seatbelt, divided highway. Tertiary: Minimize the disability, rehabilitations.
Availability and quality of emergency care.
3 E’s - Education: Alcohol consumption, manage anger. Enforcement: State and Federal
regulations on flammability of fabrics. Engineering: Child proof caps, seat belts, and smoke
detectors.
OSHA (Occupational Safety and Health) - A federal agency thatassures safe and healthful
working conditions for working men and women by setting and enforcing standards and by
providing training, outreach, education and assistance.
Nat’l institute of occupational safety and health (NIOSH) - Providing national and world
leadership to prevent workplace illnesses and injuries.
Repetitive motion injuries - In simple medical terms, repetitive strain injury (RSI) is defined as
a cumulative trauma disorder (CTD) stemming from prolonged repetitive, forceful, or awkward
hand movements. The result is damage to muscles, tendons, and nerves of the neck, shoulder,
forearm, and hand, which can cause pain, weakness, numbness, or impairment of motor control.
Ch. 18 maternal & child health
Children’s bureau - The Children's Bureau (CB) focuses on improving the lives of children and
families through programs that reduce child abuse and neglect, increase the number of adoptions,
and strengthen foster care. Important for the progress of society.
SIDS (Sudden Infant Death Syndrome) - First and foremost, infants younger than 1-year-old
should be placed on their backs to sleep — never face-down on their stomachs or on their
sides.SIDS rate has fallen by over 50%. "Back to Sleep"
LBW (Low Birth Weight) - LBW is defined by the World Health Organization (WHO) as
weight at birth less than 2500 g (5.5 lbs.). Low birth weight continues to be a significant
public health problem globally and is associated with a range of both short- and long-term
consequences.Preventing Low Birth Weight: Prenatal care, reducing adolescent
pregnancy, causes of low birth weight are not well understood. Recent increases in low
births weight due to multiple reproductive technology.
Minamata, Japan - Minamata disease (M. d.) is methylmercury (MeHg) poisoning that
occurred in humans who ingested fish and shellfish contaminated by MeHg discharged in
waste water from a chemical plant.
Prenatal care - The health care women get when they're pregnant. Provides women with
information. Diagnose problems early. Can often link poor women with social services. Most
states try to remove financial barriers. States and federal government collect date on prenatal
care.
Newborn screening - Genetic and newborn screening can prevent birth defects. Test drop of
blood from newborns for metabolic abnormalities all newborns in US are screened for at least
Document Summary
Groups at risk for injuries - injuries are the leading cause of death among people ages one to: higher injury rates in groups with lower ses. Blacks have higher injury rates than whites. injury pyramid - bottom to top: 1. ) Injuries treated outside the health system, not treated,or not reported 2. ) Injuries resulting in visits to primary care facilities 3. ) Injuries resulting in visits to emergency departments 4. ) Fatal injuries primary, secondary, & tertiary prevention of accidents - primary: prevent disease. For example, alcohol, anger, defective breaks, dark, rain. 3 e"s - education: alcohol consumption, manage anger. Enforcement: state and federal regulations on flammability of fabrics. Engineering: child proof caps, seat belts, and smoke detectors. Osha (occupational safety and health) - a federal agency that assures safe and healthful working conditions for working men and women by setting and enforcing standards and by providing training, outreach, education and assistance.
