ECON 001 Lecture Notes - Lecture 19: Structural Unemployment

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12 Jun 2018
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Chapter 28 Unemployment
I. Measuring Employment
Employed- are individuals who currently have jobs
Unemployed- individuals who currently don’t have jobs but are actively seeking employment
within past month.
Labor Force- employed + unemployed
Not in Labor Force- total adult population(over age of 16) - minus labor force
Unemployment Rate- unemployed/labor force
Labor Force Participation Rate= (labor force/ total adult pop over 16) x 100%
C. Limitations of Unemployment Rate
1. Follow groups excluded: discouraged workers, marginally attached workers (workers
who would work but for some reason cannot), part-time workers ( workers who want
to work full time but cannot find full time employment)
Key Point: True unemployment much higher than official unemployment rate.
D. Reasons for Unemployment
1. Cyclical unemployment- unemployment caused by recessions
2. Frictional Unemployment- unemployment that occurs because it takes time to match
workers with jobs
3. Structural unemployment- unemployment occurring because wage is set higher than
equilibrium wage (see graphs in binder)
Natural rate of unemployment- unemployment rate when there is no cyclical unemployment
(no recessions)
Natural rate of unemployment: frictional + structural
II. Explaining Frictional Unemployment
Q: What policies could be adopted to lower frictional unemployment?
1. Improve Access to Information: unemployed is unaware of all job openings available
2. Job Training/Continuing Education Programs: allow unemployed to gain new skills
and make them more employable in growing sectors.
3. Unemployment Insurance- gov’t run program that pays for part of worker’s salary if
they become unemployed. More generous unemployment insurance increases
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